枇杷花中三萜类物质的分析与评价

为评价枇杷Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.]花中三萜类物质的组成特点,采用HPLC法对53份代表性枇杷种质花中的科罗索酸、熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量进行了测定。结果表明,枇杷花中3种三萜类物质含量平均为0.439%,其中科罗索酸、熊果酸和齐墩果酸分别占19.1%、65.6%和15.3%。不同枇杷种质资源中三萜类物质含量存在丰富多样性,以科罗索酸含量的变异系数最大(29.34%),齐墩果酸含量差异最大(最高和最低分别相差6.7倍)。来源于广东的枇杷花中科罗索酸和齐墩果酸含量变异最大,而来源于云南的枇杷花熊果酸含量变异最大。根据枇杷种质资源花中三萜类物质含量聚类分析,提出了高、中、低分级指标。在8个主栽枇杷良种中贵妃和长红3号花中三萜类物质含量处于高含量区位。因此,经综合筛选,三萜类物质含量高的枇杷种质有3份:贵妃、香钟1号和长红3号。

Analysis and Evaluation of Triterpenoids in Loquat Flowers

To evaluate the diversity of triterpenoid in flowers of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., the contents of corosolic acid, ursolic acid and oleanic acid were determined by HPLC from 53 loquat germplasms. The result showed that the average contents of 3 triterpenoid compounds were 0.439% in loquat flowers, with the contents of corosolic acid, ursolic acid and oleanic acid accounting for 19.1%, 65.6% and 15.3%, respectively. The variation coefficient of corosolic acid was the greatest with 29.34%, whereas the difference in oleanic acid content was the biggest. Based on the origin, the highest variations coefficient in corosolic acid contents and oleanic acid contents were 32.56% and 34.00% from Guangdong Province, respectively, whereas that of ursolic acid was 35.01% from Yunnan province. Based on cluster analysis, the classification index was built at high, middle and low levels. The trierpenoid contents in 2 major loquat germplasms (Guifei and Changhong No. 3) were at high level. Therefore, three loquat germplasms (Guifei, Xiangzhong No. 1 and Changhong No. 3) were selected for high contents of three triterpenoids.