基于叶片解剖性状探究29种植物对热带珊瑚岛的适应策略

为探究植物对热带珊瑚岛高温、强光照、干旱、盐碱等极端环境的适应策略，分别以生长于海南文昌苗圃和移栽至热带珊瑚岛的29种植物为研究对象，对其叶片性状进行测定和比较分析。结果表明，与海南文昌的同种植物相比，热带珊瑚岛的草本植物除干物质含量增加外其他性状均无显著改变；而木本植物的比叶面积显著下降，叶片厚度和叶片干物质含量显著增加，海绵组织更厚且栅栏组织排列更紧密，但气孔长度、气孔密度及气孔面积指数无显著差异。岛上木本植株采取慢速投资-收益的资源获取策略，将更多的资源投入到叶片构建中从而增强逆境下的适应性，并且通过非气孔调节的方式提高光合与储水的潜力以抵御胁迫。栽植于热带珊瑚岛的29种植物能够采用更保守的资源利用策略，较好地适应干旱、强光照等胁迫环境，可用于热带珊瑚岛植被构建。

Adaptation Strategies of 29 Species to Tropical Coral Islands Based on Leaf Anatomical Traits

In order to explore the adaptation strategies of plants to extreme environments such as drought, strong light, saline alkali and barren soil in tropical coral islands, leaf anatomical traits of 29 species grown in Wenchang, Hainan, and transplanted to tropical coral islands were measured and compared. The results showed that compared with the same species in Wenchang, Hainan, the herbaceous plants transplanted to the tropical coral island had no significant changes except for the increase of dry matter content; while the specific leaf area (SLA) of woody plants decreased significantly, the leaf thickness and dry matter content of leaves (LDMC) increased significantly, the spongy tissue was thicker and the palisade tissue was arranged more closely, but there was no significant difference in length, density and area index of stomata. Woody plants on the island adopt the resource acquisition strategy of slow investment income, put more resources into leaf construction to enhance adaptability under stress, and improve the potential of photosynthesis and water storage to resist stress through non stomatal regulation. In conclusion, the 29 plant species on tropical coral islands had stronger resource utilization ability, could adopt more conservative resource utilization strategies, better adapt to drought, strong light and other stress environments, and could be used for vegetation construction of tropical coral islands.