气候变化背景下橡胶树物候研究进展

橡胶树(Heveabrasiliensis)是广布于热带地区的经济林木，是战略物资天然橡胶的主要来源，其物候学的研究对胶园生产管理和评估热带地区植被对全球气候变化的响应方面具有重要意义。早期的物候研究主要服务于苗木繁育、割胶规划和抗逆栽培等生产应用；利用遥感监测植被物候日趋成熟，已广泛应用于橡胶树并成为主流的物候监测方法；橡胶树物候具有明显的时空异质性，对气候变化的响应较为复杂，其中温度和降水是关键影响因子，同时内因(品系、基因和树龄等)和外因(种植密度、地理位置和农业措施等)也共同影响了其物候。为更好服务天然橡胶产业的可持续发展和热区气候变化科学研究，未来的橡胶树物候研究应重点关注多源遥感数据的协同重建、物候指标提取算法的普适化和遥感预测模型的精准化。该文系统梳理了橡胶树物候的监测方法、服务价值、时空格局，提出了存在问题及未来研究方向。

Research Progress on Phenology of Hevea brasiliensis Under Climate Change

Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) are widespread in the tropics and are a major source of natural rubber for strategic materials. The study of their phenology is of great importance for the production management of rubber plantations and for assessing the response of tropical vegetation to global climate change. The early phenological research mainly served the production application, such as seedling breeding, rubber tapping planning, and stress-resistant cultivation. The use of remote sensing to monitor vegetation phenology has become increasingly mature and has been widely applied to rubber trees, becoming the mainstream method for phenological monitoring. Rubber tree phenology has obvious spatio-temporal heterogeneity and its response to climate change is complex, which temperature and precipitation are key influencing factors, and both internal factors (strain, gene, and tree age, etc.) and external factors (planting density, geographic location, and agricultural practices, etc.) also affect its phenology. In order to better serve the sustainable development of natural rubber industry and scientific research on climate change in tropics, future research on rubber tree phenology should focus on the collaborative reconstruction of multi-source remote sensing data, universalization of phenological index extraction algorithms, and precision of remote sensing prediction models. The monitoring methods, service values, spatio-temporal patterns of rubber tree phenology were systematic reviewed, and put forward the existing problems and future research directions.