姜科植物地理

本文讨论了姜科的分类系统、起源、进化和地理分布．姜科为一还热带分布科，按Ｂｕｒｔｔ［８］的系统分２亚科４族．全世界有５２属，约１３７７种，其中姜亚科含４８属，１２６８种．主要分布于热带亚洲．其现代分布中心在印度－马来西亚。闭鞘姜亚科含４属，１０９种，主要分布于热带美洲及非洲。本文在化石资料及现代分布资料的基础上，讨论了姜科的早期分化时间、地点及现代分布格局形成。化石记录表明．欧洲、北美及印度的白垩纪、早第三纪均发现过姜科的化石，据此姜科植物的起源时间应不晚于早白垩纪。姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在劳亚古陆的南部．欧洲和北美没有现代姜科的分布是因为第三纪冰期的影响．而亚洲热带地区现代姜科植物繁盛是因为气候适宜．且相对稳定所致．南美的姜亚科种类应是由非洲传人．而大洋洲的姜亚科种类则是由马来西亚传入．闭鞘姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在西冈瓦纳古陆．亚洲及大洋洲的闭鞘姜亚科的种类应是随印度板块飘向亚洲时传入。中国姜科植物有２２属．２０９种（占全世界属的４２％．种的１５％）．主要分布于马来西亚亚区（占全国属的９０％）．其次为中国喜马拉雅亚区（占全国属的６８％）。最少为中国－日本亚区（占全国属的４５％）。统计数字表明．马来西亚

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ZINGIBERACEAE

The history of studies on Zingiberaceae is briefly introduced. The classification system, proposed by B. L. Bunt (1972) is adopted. Some morphologic characters of the organs with evolutionary significance, such as rhizome, inflorescence, bracteole, staminoides, etc. are discussed. The Zingiberaceae is a pantropic family, devided into 2 subfamilies and 4 tribes, comprising 52 genera, about 1377 species. The subfamily Zingiberoideae with 48 genera 1268 species, has its greatest concentration in Indo-Malaysian area, while subfamily Costoideae comprising 4 genera 109 species, is manily distributed in tropical America and Africa. Six distribution maps of Zingiberaceae and statistics of genera in the floristic restons of the world and China are presented. Based on the evidence of fossil records and the present distribution, the origin and the formation of recent distributional Patterns of this family tvers probed. Fossil Zingiberaceae has been recorded in stratum of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary from Europe, North America and India. "The family was probably common to very early Laurasia and West Gondwanaland" (Raven &. Axelred, 1974). After the Tertiary,when the climate of Europe and North America became cooler, the Zingiberaceae gradually disappeared, but in Southeast Asia, which was less influenced by glacjation, the Zingiberaceae continuously developed. So Southeast Asia became the centre of preasent distribution and species diversity. In Australia there is no endemic genus but there are 7 genera in common with Asia, belonging to Indo-Malaysia element.These genera probably entered north Australia through Malaysia. There are 6 genera and 115 species in Tropical Africa, only 4 genera 120 species in South Americ; Costoideae is well developed in these areas.