砂仁种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

砂仁种子包括假种皮、种皮、外胚乳、内胚乳与胚。假种皮由内表皮、外表皮及其间的６－９层薄壁细胞组成。种皮分为外种皮、中种皮与内种皮。外种皮由１层表皮细胞构成，其壁增厚并略木质化。中种皮包括各含１层细胞的下层皮和半透明细胞层与含３－５层细胞的色素层；下皮层与色素层细胞均含有红综色素，后者的壁呈网状增厚。内种皮由１层内切向壁与径向壁非常增厚的石细胞构成。种皮表面具有许多疣状突起，它们是体积较小的表皮细胞

ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SEEDS OF AMOMUM VILLOSUM

The seed of Amomum villosum Lour. comprises aril, seed coat, perisperm, endosperm and embryo. The aril contains outer epidermis, inner epidermis and 6-9 layers of cells between them. The seed coat can be divided into exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta. The exotesta consists of one layer of epidermal cells with thickened and slightly lignified cell walls. The mesotesta includes one layer of hypodermaal cells, one layer of translucent cells and 3-5 layers of pigment cells. The hypodermal cells and pigment cells with reticulate wall thickening are rich in plament. The endotesta is composed of one layer of sclereids and their anticlinal and inner periclinal walls are strongly thickened. The verruciform protuberances are scattered on seed coat surface. Each protuberance is constructed by 1- 3 hypodermal cells with projections outward at one end or median part of cells and their outer epidermal cells with smaller volume. A gap appears in the endotesta of the chalazal region. The number of layer of sclerids near the gap often increases to 2-3 layers. Chalazal pigment cells stuff the gap and as a mass with trumpet-shaped project inward. Micropylar collar, operculum and parenchyma cells are differentiated at micropylar region. The operculum consists of 3- 5 layers of sclereids and 2- 4 layers of pigment cells. The cndosperm has two parts, the upper part is of multilayered structure, but the lower part is with monolayer of cells. Lipids (including volatile oil) mainly present in embryo cells and several layers of cells of aril adjacent to seed coat, then in cells of the outer most layer of the endosperm and exotesta cells.