广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献

以广州地区村边风水林为研究对象，选取了67个风水林斑块，并在每个斑块内建立了一个20m×20m的样方，调查了其胸径大于1cm的植物组成。首先以种面积关系外推法和非参数法估计了风水林群落对区域生物多样性的贡献；然后以加法准则拆分了gamma多样性，以分析风水林群落物种组成的异质性；最后根据每个风水林群落的物种丰富度、稀有种(在所有群落中只出现一次的物种)数目和谱系多样性分析了在保护中需要优先考虑的区域。结果发现：（1）广州地区风水林群落至少保存了32.74%的区域物种多样性；（2）gamma多样性(184)中绝大部分由beta多样性(163.43)构建，只有很小部分来自于alpha多样性(20.57)。这表明风水林群落在物种组成上具有较高的空间异质性，要想尽可能多地保护风水林内物种多样性，就需要尽可能多地保护风水林群落斑块；（3）相对于平原地区，位于山区的风水林群落具有更高的物种丰富度和谱系多样性以及更多的稀有种数目。在保护资金和土地资源有限的情况下，位于山区的风水林群落应该给予优先考虑。

Community Heterogeneity of Fengshui Woods in Guangzhou and Its Contribution to Regional Species Diversity

In order to gain knowledge to apply to conservation management, we identified 67 fengshui wood patches in Guangzhou city, China, and sampled community composition of a 20-m×20-m plot in each patch. We first evaluated the contribution of fengshui woods for the regional species pool according to the extrapolation of sampling species data. Then we tested the heterogeneity of these fengshui wood communities according to the additive rule of gamma diversity. Finally, we evaluated the protection priority level of each patch according to its species richness, rare species (only appeared once in all sampled patches) number and phylogenetic diversity. We found at least 39.53% of regional species were protected in fengshui woods. Beta diversity formed a large proportion of total gamma diversity, which meant that most fengshui wood patches should be protected if as many species as possible at to be preserved. If funding or land resource constraints limited fengshui woods protection, patches located in hilly areas should be preferentially protected because these patches had relatively higher species richness, rare species number and phylogenetic diversity than those in flatlands.