39种木本植物对大气污染的生理生态反应与敏感性

39种1-2a生盆栽木本植物在生长季前期放置在污染区（佛山南海区小塘镇五星)和清洁区(广州华南植物园)，5个月后进行植物叶片和叶绿素荧光特征参数的测定。大气监测结果表明，污染区有相当高的酸性硫酸盐化速率、氟化物浓度和降尘量，分别是清洁医的15．4、17.5和28倍，明显高于国家排放标准。生长在污染区的大多数植物的净光合速率（Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)和气孔导度(gs)均出现不同程度的下降，下降幅度因植物种类不同而存在较大差异。Pn、E与gs之间存在一定程度的线性相关关系，但污染胁迫下Pn与gs线性相关的显著程度波削弱，而E与gs的相关性则得到提高，表现出不同植物种类Pn和E的变化与gs变化的不协同性、复杂性以及适应策略的多样性。根据Pn、E和水分利用效率(WUE)的变化，将植物对大气污染响应的敏感程度划分为：(1)高度敏感组，包括仪花、灰木莲、格木、阿丁枫、白桂木、海南木莲、白木香和海南红豆；(2)中度敏感组，包括幌伞枫、无忧树、红花木莲、小叶胭脂、蝴蝶树、山玉兰、灰莉、柳叶楠、刺果番荔枝、厚皮香、猫尾木、红桂木、竹节树、红花油茶、观光木、桂花、铁冬青、日本杜英、火焰木、铁力术和密仡树：(3)轻度敏感组，包括毛黄肉楠、华润楠、吊瓜木、大头茶、茶花、傅园榕、小叶榕、环榕、菩提榕和石笔木。

Ecophysiological Responses and Sensitivity of 39 Woody Species Exposed to Air Pollution

This study aims to test the sensitivity of thirty-nine 1 to 2-year-ol d woody species planted in pots and exposed to heavily polluted and relatively clean sites for 5 months during growing season in Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong Province. Evaluation on p ossible effects of air pollution on plants and their acclimation strategies were made on the basis of gas exchange measurements using LCA-4 photosynthesis system. Air monitorin g data showed that the polluted area received remarkably higher sulfation rate, fl uoride concentration and total suspended particles than the clean site, which significa ntly exceed the emission limit of National Standard. Net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(E), stomatal conductance(gs) differed among species and decreased for most species in the pol luted area. Pooled data showed that Pn and E were linearly correlated with gs to some extent at the relative clean site and polluted area,suggesting that most species showed possibility to adapt the pollution stress by simultaneously controlling photosynthesis and transpiration. The corre lation of the Pn with gs (or E with gs) had been weakened (or enhanced) under pollution stress, w hich demonstrated the unparallel and complexity in changes of Pn and E with gs, and t he diversity of acclimation strategies among different species. Based on the change in Pn, E and water use efficiency (WUE), plants can be ranked as follows by their sensibilities to air pollution:species that exhibited high sensibility included Lysidice rhodostegia, Manglietia glauca , Erythrophloeum fordii, Altingia chinensis, Artocarpus hypargyreus, Manglietia hainannensis, A quilaria sinensis and Ormosia pinnata; species showing moderate sensitivity were Iieritiera pa rvifolia, Magnolia delavayi, Fagraea ceilanica, Manglietia insignis, Artocarpus styracif olius, Heteropanax fragrans, Saraca chinensis, Machilus salicina, Annona muricata, Tern stroemia gymnanthera, Dolichandrone cauda-felina, Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanens, C assia fistula, Camellia semiserrata, Tsoongiodendraon odorum, Osmanthus fragrans, Ilex rotu nda, Elaeocarpus japonicus, Spathodea campanulata, Mesua ferrea, Myrsine seguinii; a nd those showing low sensibility were Actinodaphne pilosa, Machilus chinensis, Kigelia af ricana, Gordonia axillaries, Camellia japonica, Ficus microcarpa var. fuyuensis, Ficu s microcarpa, F. annulata, F. religiosa and Tutcheria spectabilis.