大陆性海岛野生植物功能性状特征及其演变趋势——以平潭岛为例

探讨海岛植物功能性状的演变机制,对福州市平潭岛和福州国家森林公园的野生植物功能性状进行了比较。结果表明,平潭岛和公园植物的共有科占总科数的63%,共有种占总种数的19%。海岛植物为适应强风、干旱、贫瘠的环境,以草本植物为主,占65.75%。海岛植物的叶级明显小于大陆植物,叶被毛植物占62.39%,并呈木质化和肉质化特征。海岛植物的繁殖能力提高,海岛植物花期长于大陆,以r-繁殖策略为主。海岛植物的传播能力提高,颖果和瘦果比例高于大陆植物,而核果和浆果比例相反;微型果为79.20%,以风力和蚁类传播为主。总体而言,大陆性海岛与大陆野生植物具有相同起源,海岛植物为适应脆弱的生态环境,其适应-繁殖-传播相关的功能性状发生演变,呈现出适应能力增强、繁殖和传播能力提高的特点。

Functional Traits and Evolution Trend of Wild Plants in Continental Island:A Case Study of Pingtan Island

The aim was to discuss the evolvement mechanism of plant functional traits in island, the functional traits of wild plants in Pingtan Island and Fuzhou National Forest Park were compared. The result showed that common families of wild plants in Island and continent accounted for 63% of total families, and common species accounted for 19% of total species. Herbaceous plants in island accounted for 65.75% of total plants for adapting to strong wind, drought and barren environment. The leaf-size class of island plants was smaller than that of continental plants. The plants with hairy leaves accounted for 62.39% of total plants in island, and tended to be lignified and succulent. Island plants mainly adapt r-reproductive strategy with high reproductive ability. The florescence of island plants was longer than that of continental plants. The spreading ability of island plants improved with high caryopsis and achene proportion, while drupe and berry proportion was low. The mini fruits accounted for 79.20% of total plants in island. The main dispersal mode of island plants tended to be wind force and heterogyna. In general, the wild plants in island and continental had the same origin; however, to adapt to fragile island eco-environment, the functional traits of island plants related with adaption-reproduction-dispersal ability had been evolved, showing strong adaptability to radiation, improved reproductive ability and spreading ability.