从透明颤菌血红蛋白谈到植物缺氧与转基因作物

扼要介绍透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在多种微生物的表达、调节和生理功能，特别是在生物工程方面可能的应用。但最值得重视的是这一基因在烟草中的表达及其生理效应，它为我们提出一个重要的问题，就是植物是否缺氧，透明颤菌血红蛋白基因很可能是构建转基因作物的重要元件。

Recent Advances in the Study of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin(VHb) and Related Proteins--Cloning, Expression and Physiological Actions in Heterologons Hosts and in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

The first bacterial hemoglobin(VHb) was found in a strictly aerobic bacterium,Vitreoscilla strain C1, occurring in marshes low in oxygen, but rich in organic matter. The hemoglobin gene is induced under low oxygen tension and may amount to 20 times as high. The expression of VHb promotes cell growth, protein biosynthesis and primary and secondary metabolism of the host cells, because the increased intracellular oxygen accelerates both the function of respiratory chain and terminal oxidases. The serial action of increased oxygen concentration is elucidated through yeast two hybrid system and a model is proposed. In addition, novel globin proteins known as flavohemoglobins have been isolated from various procaryotes and eucaryotes, with a N-terminal similar to VHb and C-terminal with reductase activity. Primary study shows that flavohemoglobin proteins exhibit similar function as VHb and also protection effect to nitrosative stress. Further work is needed to learn more about the physiology of these flavohemoglobins. The most remarkable physiological effects of VHb are exihibited in transgenic tobacco plants, including accelerated seed germination and growth in plant, increased synthesis of chlorophyll and dry weight. Without doubt, these effects are brought about through the increased oxygen supply to plant cells. It is deemed that VHb transgenic tobacco is a forerunner for transgenic crops and VHb may be a valuable route for staple seed crops.