光驱动二氧化碳转化系统的构建、优化与应用

利用光能驱动二氧化碳(carbon dioxide, CO₂)还原生产化学品对于缓解环境压力、解决能源危机具有重要意义。光捕获、光电转化和CO₂固定等作为影响光合作用效率的关键因素，同时也制约着CO₂的资源化利用效率。为了解决上述问题，本文从生物化学与代谢工程相结合的角度，系统总结了光驱动杂合系统的构建、优化与应用，并从酶杂合系统、生物杂合系统以及杂合系统应用3个方面分析了光驱动CO₂还原合成化学品的最新研究进展。在酶杂合系统方面，采用的策略主要有提升酶催化活性、增强酶稳定性等；在生物杂合系统方面，采用的方法主要包括增强生物捕光能力、优化还原力供应以及改善能量再生等；在杂合系统应用方面，主要阐述了光驱动CO₂还原生产一碳含能化合物、生物燃料以及生物食品等。最后，从纳米材料(包括有机材料和无机材料)和生物催化剂(包括酶和微生物)两个方面，展望了人工光合系统的进一步发展方向。

Light-driven CO2 conversion system: construction, optimization and application

The use of light energy to drive carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction for production of chemicals is of great significance for relieving environmental pressure and solving energy crisis. Photocapture, photoelectricity conversion and CO₂ fixation are the key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis, and thus also affect the efficiency of CO₂ utilization. To solve the above problems, this review systematically summarizes the construction, optimization and application of light-driven hybrid system from the perspective of combining biochemistry and metabolic engineering. We introduce the latest research progress of light-driven CO₂ reduction for biosynthesis of chemicals from three aspects: enzyme hybrid system, biological hybrid system and application of these hybrid system. In the aspect of enzyme hybrid system, many strategies were adopted such as improving enzyme catalytic activity and enhancing enzyme stability. In the aspect of biological hybrid system, many methods were used including enhancing biological light harvesting capacity, optimizing reducing power supply and improving energy regeneration. In terms of the applications, hybrid systems have been used in the production of one-carbon compounds, biofuels and biofoods. Finally, the future development direction of artificial photosynthetic system is prospected from the aspects of nanomaterials (including organic and inorganic materials) and biocatalysts (including enzymes and microorganisms).