异养微生物固定CO2的合成生物学研究进展

人类活动造成大气二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度不断升高，使当今世界面临着气候变化的重大危机。微生物CO₂固定为实现地球“碳中和”提供了一条有前景的绿色发展路线。与自养微生物相比，异养微生物具有更快的生长速度和更先进的遗传工具，但是其固定CO₂的能力还很有限。近年来，基于合成生物学技术强化异养微生物CO₂固定受到诸多关注，主要包括优化能量供给、改造羧化途径以及基于异养微生物间接固定CO₂。本综述将围绕上述3个方面重点讨论异养微生物CO₂固定的研究进展，为将来更好地利用微生物CO₂固定技术实现“碳达峰、碳中和”提供参考。

Advances in synthetic biology of CO2 fixation by heterotrophic microorganisms

Human activities increase the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂),which leads to global climate warming.Microbial CO₂ fixation is a promising green approach for carbon neutral.In contrast to autotrophic microorganisms,heterotrophic microorganisms are characterized by fast growth and ease of genetic modification,but the efficiency of CO₂ fixation is still limited.In the past decade,synthetic biology-based enhancement of heterotrophic CO₂ fixation has drawn wide attention,including the optimization of energy supply,modification of carboxylation pathway,and heterotrophic microorganisms-based indirect CO₂ fixation.This review focuses on the research progress in CO₂ fixation by heterotrophic microorganisms,which is expected to serve as a reference for peaking CO₂ emission and achieving carbon neutral by microbial CO₂ fixation.