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青蒿素生物合成分子调控研究进展
引用本文:王红,叶和春,刘本叶,李振秋,李国凤.青蒿素生物合成分子调控研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2003,19(6):646-650.
作者姓名:王红  叶和春  刘本叶  李振秋  李国凤
作者单位:中国科学院植物研究所光合作用与环境分子生理学重点实验室,北京,100093
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目资助 (No .3 0 17114 2 )~~
摘    要:青蒿素是目前世界上最有效的疟疾治疗药物。通过对青蒿素的生物合成途径,青蒿素生物合成途径的关键酶,青蒿素生物合成的分子调控的介绍,综述了青蒿素生物合成分子调控的最新研究进展。

关 键 词:青蒿,  青蒿素,  生物合成,  分子调控
文章编号:1000-3061(2003)06-0646-05
修稿时间:2003年5月23日

Advances in Molecular Regulation of Artemisinin Biosynthesis
WANG Hong YE He-Chun,LIU Ben-Ye LI Zhen-Qiu LI Guo-Feng.Advances in Molecular Regulation of Artemisinin Biosynthesis[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2003,19(6):646-650.
Authors:WANG Hong YE He-Chun  LIU Ben-Ye LI Zhen-Qiu LI Guo-Feng
Institution:Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Abstract:Artemisinin, a new and a very potent antimalarial drug, is produced by the Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. It is a sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bridge and is active against chloroquine resistant forms of Plasmodium falciparum. The relatively low yield (0.01% - 0.6%) of artemisinin in A. annua is a serious limitation to the commercialization of the drug. Therefore, a through understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and the characterization of the involved enzymes are important for the biology production of artemisinin. This review is focused on the recent progress in the molecular regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis from the following aspects: the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin, the key enzymes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis, and the molecular regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis. The biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin belongs to the isoprenoid metabolite pathway, the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of artemisinin include: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), and amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase, of which amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase catalyzes the cyclisation of the ubiquitous precursor farnesyl diphosphate to the highly specific olefinic sesquiter-pene skeletons and has been postulated as the regulatory step in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. Recently the gene encoding of the amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase has been cloned and the functional expressions have been studied by several research teams, therefore, the breakthroughs in production of artemisinin could hopefully be achieved by metabolic engineering of the plant, in particular, by over-expressing enzyme(s) catalyzing the rate limiting step(s) of artemisinin biosynthesis or by inhibiting the enzyme(s) of other pathway competing for its precursors. Besides, the effects of the heterogenesis isoprenoid pathway related genes on artemisinin biosynthesis of the transformed plants were also discussed.
Keywords:Artemisia annua  L    artemisinin  biosynthesis  molecular regulation
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