一株聚氨酯降解菌的分离及其降解特性解析

利用微生物对聚氨酯 (Polyurethane，PUR) 类污染物进行生物降解是目前的研究热点之一。寻找能高效降解聚氨酯的微生物是该类研究的重要前提。文中从塑料垃圾填埋场中分离培养了1株PUR高效降解菌株P10。基于菌落形态观察和16S rDNA系统发育分析，鉴定其为短芽孢杆菌属Brevibacillus的细菌。通过PUR的模式底物水性聚氨酯 (Impranil DLN) 比浊法，确定了该菌株能在6 d内降解71.4%的Impranil DLN。此外，菌株P10能够利用商业聚氨酯海绵作为唯一碳源进行生长；通过降解条件的优化，在5% (V/V) LB作为额外碳源的辅助下实现了6 d内对50 mg PUR泡沫的降解。以上结果表明Brevibacillus sp. P10在聚氨酯废弃物的生物降解过程中具有一定的应用潜力。

Isolation and characterization of a polyurethane-degrading bacterium

Biodegradation of polyurethane (PUR) pollutants by microorganisms has received widespread attention currently. Identification of microorganisms capable of efficiently degrading PUR plastics is a key point. In this study, a strain P10 capable of degrading PUR was isolated from the plastic wastes, and identified as a bacterium belonging to the genus of Brevibacillus based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. Brevibacillus sp. P10 was capable of degrading 71.4% of waterborne polyurethane (Impranil DLN) after 6 days growth in MSM medium with DLN as a sole carbon source. In addition, strain P10 can use commercial PUR foam as the sole carbon source for growth. Brevibacillus sp. P10 can degrade 50 mg PUR foam after 6 days growth in MSM medium supplemented with 5% (V/V) LB after optimization of degradation conditions. This indicates that Brevibacillus sp. P10 has potential to be used in biodegradation of PUR waste.