闽南丘陵山地引种栽培树木的物候期与抗寒力调查

本试验以厦门同安祥溪国有林场为试验点,进行为期30多年的引种驯化试验。对35种主要树种的物候观测表明,引种树木叶芽及幼叶的生长集中在每年3月,花期集中在2～6月,果熟期集中在7～10月。寒害调查结果表明,引种保存的117个树种中,未受寒害或受寒害轻、能在同安正常越冬的有83种,占70.9%;中度冻害的有八宝树、石笔木等16种,占13.7%;而受冻严重和地上部分冻死的有柚木、白格等18种,占15.4%。绝大部分树种均可顺利渡夏,90多种已开花结实;无病虫害或危害轻微不影响生长发育的有109种,占93.2%;病虫影响严重的有桔红、细子龙等8种,占6.8%;造林成活率大于80%的有110种,占93.8%。试验结果表明,闽南丘陵山地收集保存的树种种质资源的生态适应性是多样的,这些树种在生长发育和适应性等方面表现出较大的差异性。

Phonological phase and cold resistance of introduced tree species in hill mountains in Southern Fujian

For the sake of conserving and utilizing the tropical and subtropical timber tree species, some tree species were introduced to Xiangxi State-owned Forestry Farm in Xiamen. The phonological phases of 35 main tree species were observed. The results showed that the leaf buds and tender leaves grew in March, flowers developed from Feb. to Jun., and seeds matured from Jul. to Oct.. Base on the chilling injury investigation of 117 tree species, 83 species survived during winter without or just slightly cold injury; 16 species were damaged at some degree during winter, such as Duabanga grandiflora and Tutcheria speetabilis; and 18 species were damaged severely during winter, such as Tectona grandis and Albizzia procera. Most tree species grew normally during summer, and 90 species could flower and bear fruit. Among them, 109 species were not damaged by diseases and insects, and 8 species were attacked severely, such as Fortunella hindsii and Amesiodendron chinense. There were 110 species whose survival rates were higher than 80%. All these indicate that the tree species has diversity on ecological adaptability, and there are great differences in growth and adaptability among different tree species.