叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯微型薯生长及产量的影响

以‘云薯505’马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum ‘Yunshu 505’)为材料，测定马铃薯块茎发育初期四个阶段茉莉酸含量，并以叶面喷施方式，研究茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯生长和块茎产量的影响。结果表明，马铃薯块茎膨大过程中，茉莉酸的积累水平不断升高。在微型薯生产中，使用100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯在结薯期以不同频率喷施叶面，测量并统计植株、块茎性状及产量变化。结果表明，与对照(CK)相比，1次·d^-1处理茎粗增加36.1%，2次·d^-1处理的叶绿素含量降低20.1%。此外，植株的叶色、茎色、花色、株型等生长性状及块茎大小整齐度、薯形、皮色、肉色、薯皮类型、芽眼深浅、裂薯率、大薯空心率等块茎性状在各组间没有显著差异。2次·d^-1、1次·d^-1、1次·2d^-1、CK四种处理的植株存活率分别为45.57%、100.00%、100.00%、87.29%；前三种喷施频率处理折合产量较CK分别增加-15.61%、8.77%、12.11%。综合分析，马铃薯在块茎形成初期茉莉酸积累水平不断升高，以1次·2d^-1频率叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯，马铃薯微型薯的产量增加最大且不影响生长。

Effects of Foliar Sprayed Methyl Jasmonate on Potato Minituber Growth and Yield

In this study, using greenhouse-grown Solanum tuberosum ‘Yunshu 505’ plants as experimental material, we measured the levels of jasmonic acid in four early tuberization stages, and explored the effect of foliar sprayed methyl jasmonate on the growth and yield of minituber. The results indicated that the levels of jasmonic acid were increased as tubers enlarged. During minituber cultivation, 100 μmol·L^-1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution or mock solution (CK) was sprayed by different frequencies on leaf surface, and the statistical changes in agronomic trait and yield were analyzed. Our results showed that compared with CK, the average stem diameter with once per day treatment was increased by 36.1%, and the chlorophyll content in twice per day treatment was reduced by 20.1%. Moreover, no significant difference was detected after MeJA treatment between groups in either morphological traits including leaf color, stem color, flower color, plant architecture, or tuber traits including tuber uniformity, tuber shape, peel color, flesh color, peel type, eye depth, crack tuber rate, large-sized tuber hollow rate. Moreover, the plant survival rates in twice per day, once per day, once every 2 days, and CK treatment were 45.57%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and 87.29%, respectively. Compared with CK, the equivalent yields in MeJA treatment above were increased by -15.61%, 8.77%, and 12.11%, respectively. Taken together, our results showed that the levels of jasmonic acid were increased at the early stages of tuberization, and the potato plants which were foliar sprayed with 100 μmol·L^-1 methyl jasmonate once every 2 days had the maximal yield without the cost of growth.