基于主成分分析法的墨兰品种观赏价值评价

以福州地区栽培多年的30个墨兰品种为材料，对其植株高、花色、瓣型等20个观赏性状进行测定和观察，分析墨兰品种观赏性状的变异范围、性状间的相关性以及主成分因子，并利用主成分分析法对30个墨兰品种的观赏价值进行评价。结果表明，不同品种间的16个数量性状均存在不同程度的变异，花部形态存在较大差异，叶片形态和数量变异小；4个质量性状中，花色和叶艺的遗传多样性较高。叶部形态和花部形态的观赏性状间存在显著相关性。20个观赏性状指标可以分为7个主成分因子，分别为株高因子、瓣型因子、花色因子、叶片数因子、花径因子、叶宽因子和叶艺因子，7个主成分因子的方差贡献率累计达全部性状信息的87.35%。通过计算30个品种的重要主成分值并对其进行排序，筛选出4个观赏性状优良的品种，分别为‘白墨’、‘宝山爪’、‘龙梅’和‘金华山’。

Ornamental Characteristics Evaluation of Cymbidium sinense Cultivars Using the Principal Component Analysis

By measuring and observing 20 ornamental traits including plant height, flower color and petal form etc. of 30 cultivars of Cymbidium sinense cultivated in Fuzhou for several years, the variation range, correlation and principal components of 20 ornamental traits of C. sinense were analyzed. Ornamental characteristics of 30 varieties of C. sinense were also analyzed by applying principal component analysis. The results showed that 16 quantitative traits had varying degrees among different cultivars, and there were large differences in flower morphology, but small variation in leaf morphology and quantity. Besides, the genetic diversities of flower color and leaf were high. There was a significant correlation between leaf morphology and flower morphology. 20 ornamental traits could be divided into 7 principal component factors, named plant height factor, petal form factor, flower color factor, leaf number factor, flower diameter factor, leaf width factor and leaf art factor. The contribution rate accumulated of the variance of 7 principal component factors reached to 87.35% of the total trait information. By calculating and sorting the important principal component values of each variety, four varieties with excellent ornamental traits were ‘Baimo’, ‘Baoshanzhua’, ‘Longmei’ and ‘Jinhuashan’.