海南岛的外来植物

通过对海南岛野生或半野生外来入侵植物的调查,报道了153种外来植物,并对近年来在海南岛大面积分布而未报道过的入侵种进行简要介绍。对海南外来植物种类组成、原产地、生活型与危害程度的分析发现:(1)外来植物中有66.67%来自美洲,美洲种的96%为热带美洲成分,几乎所有来自美洲的草本植物往往成为遍布海南各地农田、果园、胶林、草地的有害杂草;(2)外来草本与藤本植物具有较强的入侵能力和较大的危害;(3)绝大多数草本与藤本植物常形成单一优势群落,破坏平地、低丘陵原有的生态系统。

Exotic Plants in Hainan Province

Based on the study of naturalized and semi-naturalized exotic plants on Hainan Island in recent years, 153 species of exotic plants are reported in this paper. Some invasive species not reported recent years but with extensive distribution over the Hainan Island are introduced. The composition, origin areas, life forms and harmful degree of these plants are discussed. The results are as follows. 66.67% exotic species are from America, of which 96% are tropical Americas. Almost all herbaceous species from America distribute extensively and become harmful weeds in the farmfield, fruit garden, rubber tree forest and grassland in Hainan. The invasiveness and harmful degree of herbs and lianas are more serious than those of trees. Most herbs and lianas usually become monodominant communities and destroy the original ecological system of the plain and low hills.