Best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes: achievements,potential and possible limitations |
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Authors: | Fabian Bumbak Stella Cook Vilém Zachleder Silas Hauser Karin Kovar |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Biotechnology,Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW),W?denswil,Switzerland;2.Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae,Institute of Microbiology of AS CR,T?eboň,Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Microalgae of numerous heterotrophic genera (obligate or facultative) exhibit considerable metabolic versatility and flexibility
but are currently underexploited in the biotechnological manufacturing of known plant-derived compounds, novel high-value
biomolecules or enriched biomass. Highly efficient production of microalgal biomass without the need for light is now feasible
in inexpensive, well-defined mineral medium, typically supplemented with glucose. Cell densities of more than 100 g l−1 cell dry weight have been achieved with Chlorella, Crypthecodinium and Galdieria species while controlling the addition of organic sources of carbon and energy in fedbatch mode. The ability of microalgae
to adapt their metabolism to varying culture conditions provides opportunities to modify, control and thereby maximise the
formation of targeted compounds with non-recombinant microalgae. This review outlines the critical aspects of cultivation
technology and current best practices in the heterotrophic high-cell-density cultivation of microalgae. The primary topics
include (1) the characteristics of microalgae that make them suitable for heterotrophic cultivation, (2) the appropriate chemical
composition of mineral growth media, (3) the different strategies for fedbatch cultivations and (4) the principles behind
the customisation of biomass composition. The review confirms that, although fundamental knowledge is now available, the development
of efficient, economically feasible large-scale bioprocesses remains an obstacle to the commercialisation of this promising
technology. |
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