Fungal enzyme sets for plant polysaccharide degradation |
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Authors: | Joost van den Brink Ronald P de Vries |
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Institution: | (1) CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; |
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Abstract: | Enzymatic degradation of plant polysaccharides has many industrial applications, such as within the paper, food, and feed
industry and for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins are the main components
of plant cell wall polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are often tightly packed, contain many different sugar residues,
and are branched with a diversity of structures. To enable efficient degradation of these polysaccharides, fungi produce an
extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes. The variety of the enzyme set differs between fungi and often corresponds to
the requirements of its habitat. Carbohydrate-active enzymes can be organized in different families based on the amino acid
sequence of the structurally related catalytic modules. Fungal enzymes involved in plant polysaccharide degradation are assigned
to at least 35 glycoside hydrolase families, three carbohydrate esterase families and six polysaccharide lyase families. This
mini-review will discuss the enzymes needed for complete degradation of plant polysaccharides and will give an overview of
the latest developments concerning fungal carbohydrate-active enzymes and their corresponding families. |
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