微生物降解磺胺甲恶唑的研究进展

抗生素是一类难降解、低浓度就有高生态毒性效应的化合物，近年来被归为新型环境污染物，其环境残留与去除备受关注。作为广泛使用的抗生素之一，磺胺甲恶唑在水土环境中的残留量不断增加，检出率也越来越高。研究表明，磺胺甲恶唑是少数几种可被微生物降解的抗生素之一，微生物降解法是最具潜力的残留磺胺甲恶唑去除手段。本文总结了磺胺甲恶唑在土壤、沉积物、活性污泥、混合菌群、酶等条件下的降解及已分离的具有降解能力的单菌株对磺胺甲恶唑的降解情况，包括其降解效率、降解条件等，归纳了目前磺胺甲恶唑微生物降解的主要分类，并讨论了影响磺胺甲恶唑降解的两个特有因素。指出从分子生物学及生物信息学角度研究其降解途径，降解菌、降解菌群的人工构建及其在含磺胺甲恶唑污水处理中的应用与效果评价等应为今后磺胺甲恶唑生物降解与应用研究的重点。

Progress in microbial degradation of sulfamethoxazole

Antibiotics are regarded as a new group of environmental pollutants in recent years because of they are difficult to degrade and highly ecotoxic even in low concentrations. More and more attentions have been paid to their residues and removals in environmental. With the wide use, sulfamethoxazole residual and the detection frequency in wastewater is increasing. As one of the few microbial degradable antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole degraded by microbes is one of the most promising methods. This article summarizes the degradation efficiency and degradation conditions of sulfamethoxazole by different soil, sediment, activated sludge, mixed flora, enzymes and isolated strains. Meanwhile, degradation pathways reported in the literature are summarized. Two specific factors affecting the degradation of sulfamethoxazole are also discussed. Finally, we look forward to the perspective of molecular biology and bioinformatics in new researches, as well as the construction of degrading bacterial consortium from different pollutants in future applications.