一株乳酸利用、丁酸产生菌的分离与鉴定及代谢特性的初步研究

利用改进型Hungate技术从猪粪中分离到一株乳酸利用、丁酸产生双重功能菌株LB01。常规生化检测表明菌株LB01为革兰氏阳性、严格厌氧菌,能利用葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖和乳酸等碳源,并产生大量的气体;16S rRNA序列比对表明其与GenBank中的Megasphaera hominis与Uncultured rumen bacterium 3c3d-18的同源性最高,同源性高达99%。菌株LB01可以利用乳酸,并将其主要转化为丁酸和丙酸,在有葡萄糖的情况下,菌株LB01尚能够利用乙酸并生成丁酸。与乳杆菌K9共培养时,菌株LB01有效地利用了乳杆菌K9代谢过程中产生的乳酸,减缓了由于乳酸积累而造成的pH值下降,并且将乳酸转化为丁酸和丙酸。这些代谢特征表明菌株LB01是一株具有潜在应用价值的肠道益生菌,它能够利用乳酸和乙酸(补充额外能量),能有效地防止乳酸和乙酸的积累,同时生成包括丁酸在内有益的短链脂肪酸,调控后肠道pH,营造着微酸的环境。

Isolation and identification of a lactate-utilizing,butyrate-producing bacterium and its primary metabolic characteristics

The distal mammalian gut harbors prodigiously abundant microbes,which provide unique metabolic traits to host.A lactate-utilizing,butyrate-producing bacterium,strain LB01,was isolated from adult swine feces by utilizing modified Hungate technique with rumen liquid-independent YCFA medium supplemented with lactate as the single carbon source.It was an obligate anaerobic,Gram positive bacterium,and could utilize glucose,fructose,maltose and lactate with a large amount of gas products.16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that it had the high similarity with members of the genus Megasphaera.The metabolic characteristics of strain LB01 was investigated by using in vitro fermentation system.Lactate at the concentration of 65 mmol/L in YCFA medium was rapidly consumed within 9 hours and was mainly converted to propionate and butyrate after 24h.As the level of acetate declined,the concentration of butyrate rose only in the presence of glucose,suggesting that butyrate could possibly be synthesized by the acetyl CoA: butyryl CoA transferase.When co-cultured with lactic acid bacteria strain K9,strain LB01 evidently reduced the concentration of lactate produced by strain K9 and decelerated the rapid pH drop,finally producing 12.11mmol/L butyrate and 4.06mmol/L propionate.The metabolic characteristics that strain LB01 efficiently converts toxic lactate and excessive acetate to butyrate can prevent lactate and acetate accumulation in the large intestine and maintain the slightly acidic environment of the large intestine,consequently revealing that stain LB01 could act as a potential probiotics.