Illumina高通量测序揭示艾比湖湿地6种盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落组成及多样性

目的] 通过研究新疆艾比湖湿地不同盐生植物根际土壤真菌的多样性和群落结构，为艾比湖湿地退化恢复工作和真菌深入研究提供理论支持。方法] 利用高通量测序技术对真菌扩增子ITS1区进行测定，从而分析艾比湖湿地6种盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落多样性，并结合相关土壤理化因子分析环境与真菌群落多样性和丰富度的关联。结果] 艾比湖湿地6种盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落多样性及丰富度存在差异，碱蓬根际土壤真菌多样性最高，芦苇根际土壤真菌群落丰富度最高。真菌群落组成分析表明，土壤样品中真菌菌落主要隶属于子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota），其中子囊菌门为主要优势菌门；链格孢霉属（Alternaria）是6种植物共有的优势菌属，但是其在不同植物之间的丰度存在差异，在戟叶鹅绒藤中的丰度最高，在准噶尔大戟中的丰度最低。pH与真菌多样性呈显著负相关，全磷（TP）与真菌群落丰富度呈显著正相关，pH、电导率（EC）和有机质（OM）对优势菌属的影响最大。结论] 艾比湖湿地6种盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落组成及多样性具有显著差异，碱蓬和芦苇根际土壤真菌的多样性和丰度高于其他植物，子囊菌门和链格孢霉属是艾比湖湿地的主要土壤真菌门属。研究结果可为艾比湖湿地的生态修复提供理论指导。

Research on diversity of fungi community in rhizosphere soil of six halophytes in Ebinur Lake Wetland

Objective] By studying the diversity and community structure of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different halophytes in the Ebinur Lake wetland in Xinjiang, we provide theoretical support for the degradation and restoration of the Ebinur Lake wetland and the in-depth study of fungi. Methods] We used high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the fungal amplicon ITS1 region to analyze the fungal community diversity in the rhizosphere soil of six halophytes in the Ebinur Lake Wetland, and combined with the relevant soil physical and chemical factors to analyze the relationship between the environment and the diversity and richness of fungal communities. Results] The diversity and richness of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of the six halophytes in Ebinur Lake wetland were different. The fungi in the rhizosphere of Suaeda glauca had the highest diversity and the fungi in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis had the highest richness. The analysis of fungal community composition showed that the fungal communities in the soil samples mainly belonged to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. Alternaria was the dominant genus shared by all the six plants, but its abundance varies among different plants, with the highest abundance in Cynanchum sibiricum and the lowest in Euphorbia soongarica. There was a significant negative correlation between pH and fungal diversity, and a significant positive correlation between total phosphorus and fungal richness. The influence of pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter on dominant fungi was the most significant. Conclusion] The rhizosphere soil fungal community composition and diversity of the six halophytes were significantly different in Ebinur Lake Wetland. The diversity and abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda glauca and Phragmites australis were higher than those of other plants, and Ascomycetes and Alternaria were the main soil fungal genera in Ebinur Lake Wetland. The research results could provide theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration of Ebi Lake wetland.