地衣芽孢杆菌对南美白对虾零水交换养殖系统细菌群落的影响

【目的】地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）对南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）免疫反应、抗病性和营养的影响已被广泛研究，但零水交换养殖系统下地衣芽孢杆菌对对虾肠道和养殖水环境微生物群落的影响尚不清楚。【方法】通过收集添加地衣芽孢杆菌在饲料或水中后，对虾肠道、池水和池低沉积物样品，通过16S rRNA基因测序和线性判别分析（linear discriminant analysis effect size，LEfSe）进行微生物分析。【结果】结果表明，添加地衣芽孢杆菌对对虾的生长影响较小。此外，添加方式的不同对对虾肠道菌群的影响较小。但添加地衣芽孢杆菌可以有效地改变对虾肠道微生物群落，并改善对虾免疫力。【结论】这些结果有助于全面了解在零水交换养殖系统中，通过饲料和水添加地衣芽孢杆菌后对虾肠道和环境的变化，从而为选择正确的益生菌以及如何添加益生菌维持对虾健康提供基础信息。

Bacillus licheniformis affects the bacterial community in the zero-water exchange aquaculture system of Penaeus vannamei

Objective] Despite the extensive studies about the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the immune response, disease resistance, and nutrition of Penaeus vannamei, little is known about the effects on the intestinal and environmental microbial communities of P. vannamei in the zero-water exchange aquaculture system. Methods] The intestinal, seawater, and sediment samples were collected from the environment supplemented with B. licheniformis in food or water for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Results] AddingB. licheniformis had little effect on the growth of P. vannamei, and different adding methods had little effect on the intestinal microflora. However, the addition of B. licheniformis changed the intestinal microbial community and improved the immunity of P. vannamei. Conclusion] The findings help us to comprehensively understand the changes in shrimp intestine and environment after B. licheniformis is added in feed and water in the zero-water exchange aquaculture system, thereby providing basic information for choosing the right probiotics and addition ways to sustain the health of P. vannamei.