三江自然保护区野生迁徙水禽携带禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒状况的监测

目的]为了对途经三江保护区的野生迁徙水禽携带禽流感病毒(AIV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)的状况进行有效监测.方法]在2005年10月、2006年4月、2006年10月3个候鸟的迁徙季节从三江保护区采集了158只野鸟的咽拭子和肛拭子样本.应用SPF鸡胚盲传、血凝和血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR等方法进行了病毒的分离和鉴定.结果]结果共分离到20株AIV和13株NDV.20株AIV均来自2006年10月采集的样品,经常规血清学分型鉴定分为12个亚型,11个亚型来源于绿头鸭,分别为H2N2(2/20),H2N6(2/20),H3N4(1/20),H3N6(2/20),H3N7(2/20),H3N8(2/20),H6N2(2/20),H11N2(1/20),H11N3(1/20),H11N5(2/20),H11N6(1/20),另外一株来源于白眉鸭,为H5N2(1/20).13株NDV则来自3个迁徙季节的5种不同水禽采,其中包括绿头鸭(8/13),豆雁(1/13),白额雁(1/13),绿翅鸭(1/13)和鸳鸯(2/13).结论]这一结果表明,拥有极大种群数量、在世界范围内广泛分布的绿头鸭,被认为可能是AIV和NDV最重要的自然宿主之一,并在病毒的传播上比其他野生鸟类具有更为重要的生态学意义.

Monitoring Influenza A virus and Newcastle disease virus in migratorywater-fowls in Sanjiang natural Reserve of Heilongjiang Province

Objective] In order to monitor the present situation of Avian influenza virus(AIV) and Newcastle disease virus(NDV) in migratory waterfowls effectively, 158 tracheal and cloacal swab samples for wild birds were collected from Sanjiang natural reserve during migratory seasons in October 2005, April 2006 and October 2006. Methods] Serial passages in specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs, haemagglutination activity (HA) text, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) text and RT-PCR detection were used to isolate and identify AIV and NDV. Results] Twenty AIV isolates and 13 NDV isolates were collected in the test. Twenty AIV isolates were all from aquatic birds in October 2006, and among these isolates, 12 AIV subtypes were identified definitely, 11 subtypes were found in mallards-H2N2 (2/20), H2N6 (2/20), H3N4 (1/20), H3N6 (2/20), H3N7 (2/20), H3N8 (2/20), H6N2 (2/20), H11N2 (1/20), H11N3(1/20), H11N5 (2/20), H11N6 (1/20), and 1 subtype was found in garganey-H5N2 (1/20). Thirteen NDV isolates were collected in all three migratory seasons from 5 different species of waterfowls, including mallard (8/13), bean goose (1/13), white-fronted goose (1/13), common teal (1/13) and mandarin duck (2/13). Conclusion]The results indicated that mallard, which possesses huge population size and world wide distribution, could be considered one of the most important natural carrier of AIV and NDV and may have more important ecological significance on viruses transmission than other species of wild birds.