一株能高效降解几种有机磷农药的菌株JS018的鉴定

从福建三明农药厂附近的土壤分离、筛选获得一株能够高效降解甲基1605、辛硫磷等有机磷农药的菌株JS018,在LB培养基中发酵36h,对甲基1605、辛硫磷、三唑磷、敌敌畏的降解率分别为96%、99%、98.9%和69.0%。该菌在LB平板培养基上形成的菌落为粉红色,圆形,有光泽;经电镜观察,为小球状菌,直径0.5μm~0.75μm;革兰氏染色为阴性;能够在30℃~38℃温度范围内和pH7.0~9.0范围内很好的生长,最适生长温度为32℃,最适pH7.5~8.0;在含有6%NaCl以上的培养基中,不能生长。抗生素敏感性实验表明:JS018菌对安比西林、青霉素、林肯霉素有抗性;对卡那霉素、四环素、庆大霉素等敏感。碳源发酵实验表明:该菌株能发酵葡萄糖、海藻糖、松三糖、乙醇;不能发酵阿拉伯糖、蔗糖、甘露糖、木糖、果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等;不能利用棕檬酸盐,不能液化明胶,不产生硫化氢,能还原硝酸盐,不产生吲哚,接触酶阳性,脲酶阳性。根据其形态特征,生理生化特性1、6S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定JS018为Roseomonas(玟瑰单胞菌属)。

Isolation and identification of a bacterial strain JS018 capable of degrading several kinds of organophosphate pesticides

Organophosphate pesticides are used widely all over the world and play an important role in plant pest control. However these pesticides are considered as pollutants and harmful to human health. To search for microorganisms that can degrade organophosphate pesticides with high efficiency, a bacterial strain, coded as JS018, was isolated and screened from the soil in the vicinity of Shanming Pesticides Factory, Shanming, Fujian. Laboratory tests showed that the bacterium could degrade several kinds of organophosphate pesticides, such as Parathion-methyl and phoxin. The strain's degrading rates on phoxin, Parathion-methyl, hostathion and dichlorvos in LB liquid fermentation medium for 36 h were 99%, 96%, 80.4% and 69.0% respectively. The bacterial colonies on LB plate appeared shiny and pale-pink in color. The bacteria were Gram-negative coccoids, 0.5 - 0.7 microm in diameter. They grew well at 30 - 38 degrees C and pH 7.0 - 9.0. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth was 32 degrees C and pH 7.5 - 8.0, respectively. They did not grow in medium containing 6% or more NaCl. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the strain was resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and lincomycin. It was sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline and gentamicin. Laboratory tests also showed that the strain could ferment D-glucose, trehalose, melezitose and ethanol. It was negative in the production of indole and hydrogen sulfide. It could not liquefy gelatin, utilize citrate, nor ferment L-arabinose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-xylose, fructose, D-galactose, maltose or lactose. The catalase, urease and nitrate reduction were positive. Based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical properties as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis result, the strain was tentatively identified as Roseomonas sp.