溶磷菌在磷素循环和生态农业中的作用与其生物肥料应用

大多数农业土壤有效磷资源有限，使用磷肥虽能缓解作物磷缺乏现象，但却带来较大的环境风险，影响农业生态稳定。微生物是土壤磷素循环的组成部分，在介导植物磷的可用性方面起着重要作用。溶磷菌(phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, PSB)可溶解土壤难溶性无机磷和有机磷，促进根系磷吸收，同时增强作物对逆境(如生物胁迫和非生物胁迫)的抵抗能力。目前，使用PSB作为潜在生物肥料已引起了相当大的关注，在可持续农业方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文系统阐述了PSB的农业生态学功能，并结合有机酸、水解酶、铁载体和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid,ACC)脱氨酶等因素，阐述了PSB溶磷促生的生理和分子机制，重点分析了PSB对土壤微生物群落的影响及其与根系分泌物的互作关系，同时介绍了应用推广PSB生物肥料的重点和难点，并提出使用PSB生物肥料是提高农业磷肥使用效率和作物产量的有效措施。文章还对PSB生物肥料在未来的研究及生产应用方面提出了建议，以促进PSB生物肥料在生态农业中的应用，缓解农业资源和环境带来的双重挑战，满足未来...

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: roles in phosphorus cycling and ecological agriculture and application as potential biofertilizers

Agricultural soils generally have limited available phosphorus. Although the application of phosphorus fertilizers can alleviate phosphorus deficiency in crops, it brings environmental risks, thereby affecting agroecological stability. Microorganisms are integral components of soil phosphorus cycling and play a crucial role in mediating the availability of phosphorus to plants. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can solubilize insoluble inorganic and organic phosphorus in the soil, facilitating phosphorus uptake by plant roots and enhancing crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Currently, the use of PSB as potential biofertilizers has attracted considerable attention and demonstrated broad prospects for sustainable agriculture. This article systematically elucidates the agroecological functions of PSB and expounds the physiological and molecular mechanisms of PSB-mediated phosphorus solubilization and plant growth-promoting effect with consideration to other factors such as organic acids, hydrolases, siderophores, and ACC deaminases. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of PSB on soil microbial communities and their interaction with root exudates, highlighted the key points and challenges in the application and promotion of PSB biofertilizers, and put forward the application of PSB biofertilizers as an effective measure to increase phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield. Finally, we proposed suggestions for future research and application of PSB biofertilizers, aiming to promote the application of PSB biofertilizers in ecological agriculture. The efforts aim to mitigate the dual challenges posed by agricultural resources and the environment, meet future needs of global food security, and align with the development trend of green ecological agriculture.