植物根际微生物群落构建的研究进展

植物根际是指植物根系与土壤的交界面,是根系自身生命活动和代谢对土壤影响最直接、最强烈的区域,其物理、化学和生物性质不同于土体土壤。在这个区域里,与植物发生相互作用的大量微生物,被称为根际微生物。根际微生物在植物的生长发育和植物病虫害的生物防治等方面都具有十分重要的意义。本文总结了根际微生物群落构建的研究现状,介绍了根际微生物的经典和最新的研究方法,包括根箱法、同位素技术以及高通量测序、菌群定量分析、高通量分离培养等方法在根际微生物研究中的应用,讨论了植物根系分泌物(碳水化物、氨基酸、黄酮类、酚类、激素及其信号物质)和土壤物理化学性质对根际微生物群落的影响,概述了根际微生物-植物的互作机制,以及根际微生物群落对植物的促生作用、提高植物抗逆性和抑制作用,并对根际微生物群落研究中存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了展望。

Research progress on assembly of plant rhizosphere microbial community

Plant rhizosphere refers to the interface between plant roots and soil, where the life activity and metabolism of root system have the most direct and strong influence on soil. Physical, chemical and biological properties of rhizosphere are different from bulk soil. Many microorganisms that interact with plants in this region are known as rhizosphere microorganisms. Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and biological control of plant diseases and insect pests. In this article, we first summarize the research status of rhizosphere microorganisms. Second, we introduce the classic and the latest research methods used in the rhizosphere microbiome, such as root box method, isotope techniques, high-throughput sequencing, quantitative analysis of microbial abundance, high-throughput isolation and culture. Third, we discuss the influencing factors on rhizosphere microorganisms, such as plant root exudates (carbohydrate, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, hormone and its signal substance), soil physical and chemical properties. Fourth, we discuss the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant, and introduce the effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant growth stress resistance. Last, we address the problems in rhizosphere microbiome study and future development in this field.