鄱阳湖流域锦江水体污染胁迫下浮游细菌群落结构及交互作用

【目的】为了探索河流水体污染胁迫对浮游细菌群落的影响。【方法】本研究使用主成分分析将水体污染胁迫分为高、中、低3级，基于高通量测序技术分析了鄱阳湖流域锦江干流浮游细菌群落的多样性、组成以及交互作用。【结果】锦江污染胁迫下的浮游细菌群落优势菌群包括假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota，13.53%–45.83%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota，17.05%–40.50%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota，5.79%–31.56%)、蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria，0.41%–59.31%)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota，0.11%–4.81%)。其中Bacillota在污染胁迫等级下显著差异(P=0.03)。浮游细菌群落组成在不同水体污染胁迫等级下存在显著差异(P=0.046)。群落丰富度Chao1与ACE指数在低污染胁迫地区显著高于中污染胁迫地区(P=0.024和0.037)，Shannon多样性指数差异不显著。共生网络拓扑特征表明，随着水体污染胁迫减小，细菌共生网络的复杂性与稳定性增强，浮游细菌群落之间的交互作用增强。【结论】污染胁迫显著改变了水体细菌群落结构与交互作用。以上研究有助于从微生物角度为水体污染的检测、监测和控制提供生态学参考。

Community structure and interaction of bacterioplankton under pollution stress in Jinjiang River of Poyang Lake basin

Objective] To explore the effect of water pollution stress on the bacterioplankton community in the river. Methods] Principal component analysis was performed to classify the water pollution stress into high, intermediate, and low levels. The diversity, composition, and interaction of bacterioplankton in the main stream of Jinjiang River in Poyang Lake basin were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing technology. Results] The dominant phyla of bacterioplankton in the Jinjiang River under pollution stress included Pseudomonadota (13.53%-45.83%), Actinobacteriota (17.05%-40.50%), Bacteroidota (5.79%-31.56%), Cyanobacteria (0.41%-59.31%), and Bacillota (0.11%-4.81%). Among them, the abundance of Bacillota differed significantly (P=0.03) between different levels of pollution stress. The bacterioplankton composition varied significantly (P=0.046) between different levels of pollution stress. The Chao1 and ACE indices were significantly higher in the areas with low pollution stress than in those with medium pollution stress (P=0.024 and 0.037), and Shannon diversity index did not show significant difference. The topological characteristics of the symbiotic network indicated that with decrease of pollution stress, the complexity and stability of the bacterial symbiotic network increased and the interaction between bacterioplankton enhanced. Conclusion] Pollution stress significantly changed the structure and interaction of bacterioplankton in the Jinjiang River. This study provides ecological reference for the detection, monitoring, and control of water pollution from a microbial perspective.