昆虫共生菌的次级代谢产物研究进展

微生物与昆虫的共生是一种普遍现象,昆虫种类繁多,与昆虫共生的微生物也多种多样。昆虫共生菌是活性次生代谢产物的重要来源。本文对自2008年以来已报道的177个昆虫共生菌的次级代谢产物进行了统计和分析,结果表明:61.6%的化合物为新天然产物(生物碱类新化合物最多),其中,约75%的新化合物来源于昆虫共生真菌,25%来源于细菌;醌酮类化合物是昆虫共生菌源天然产物的主要结构类型,占23.2%;47.5%的化合物具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗菌、除草和抗氧化等生物活性,且化合物中的主要活性类型是抗菌和抗肿瘤活性,活性范围覆盖面最广的结构类型是生物碱类。以上结果表明昆虫共生菌的次级代谢产物是先导性化合物的重要来源且具有丰富的生物活性类型。本文以天然产物的结构分类为切入点,结合其研究菌株来源、生物活性等进行综述,旨在为充分挖掘昆虫共生菌次级代谢产物提供重要参考。

Research progress in the secondary metabolites of insect symbionts

It is a common phenomenon of the symbiosis between microorganisms and insects. There are many different kinds of insects on Earth, and the insect symbionts are also very diverse. In this paper, we summarize and analyze 177 secondary metabolites originated from different insects that have been reported from 2008. The results show that, 61.6% of the compounds produced by insect symbionts are new metabolites, in which the alkaloids are the most abundant. About 75% compounds with unprecedented structure derived from fungi, whereas those from bacteria account for about 25%; the quinones and polyketides are the main structure type accounting for about 23.2% of the compounds produced by insect symbionts; about 47.5% of which displayed significant bioactivities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, herbicidal, antioxidant activity, etc. The main biological type is antibacterial and antitumor properties, in the meantime, the alkaloids possess the widest range of biological activity among all compounds. The results elucidate that the compounds produced by insect symbionts are an important source of leading compounds and have diverse biological types. Based on the structure classification of natural products as the entry points, combined with the sources and bioactivities, the paper aimed to provide important information for fully exerting the insect symbionts'' secondary metabolites.