昆虫病原微生物对其寄主行为的调控作用研究进展

昆虫病原微生物是调控昆虫种群数量动态的重要因子,其作为生物防治害虫的重要手段被广泛应用。昆虫病原物往往通过调控其寄主行为来提高自身的适应性,而有些寄主行为的改变却是其应对病原物侵染的免疫反应。发烧行为被证明可抑制病原增殖并延长寄主死亡;取食行为变化影响病原物或寄主的适应性;繁殖行为主要表现在产卵力、交配行为和性信息素等方面的变化;社会性行为改变对整个社会群体的适应性或病原物传播有影响;病原物所引起的寄主防卫和群集能力下降被认为对病原传播不利;病虫趋光和趋地行为、顶峰行为和活体寄主传病行为等被认为是病原物操纵的有利于病原微生物扩散和传播的行为。明确昆虫病原物调控其寄主行为的策略和机制对于寻找到新的害虫防治方法有指导意义。

Effects of entomopathogens on host behavior

Entomopathogens are an important factor to regulate dynamics of insect population, and widely applied for biological control of pest insects. Entomopathogens increase their fitness by modifying the host behavior; some modifications of host behavior are immune response for infection of pathogens. Behavioral fever could suppress pathogen reproduction and extend the death time of host. The changes of feeding behavior affect the fitness of both host and pathogen. Reproductive behavior changes contain the modification from the fecundity, sexual attractiveness and sex pheromones. The alterations of social behavior are effective on the fitness of social crowd and transmission of pathogens. The weakness of defensive and aggregation behavior of infected host is unbeneficial to the transmission of pathogens; but the responses of phototropism and geotropism of host manipulated by pathogen are helpful for the spread and transmission of the pathogen. It is meaningful to find new methods controlling insect pests by discovering the strategy and mechanism of the pathogen regulating host behaviors.