益生菌的应用现状和发展前景

益生菌是一类严格选择的,如果给予足够的量,能够为宿主带来健康益处的活性微生物。常见的具有益生功能的微生物,包括传统益生菌乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria)和酵母菌(Saccharomyces)等,以及下一代益生菌普拉梭菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)、脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis)、嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)和普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella copri)等。益生菌与人体健康之间存在密切的关系,这些微生物可通过肠道刺激胃肠道反应或直接作用于口腔、阴道、皮肤等其他部位以调节宿主健康。因此,它们在食品、种植业、畜牧业以及医疗领域中得到广泛应用,成为改善宿主健康的有力工具。本文对乳酸菌等传统益生菌以及嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌等下一代益生菌的功能的开发与应用进行了综述,总结了这几种益生菌在食品生产、疾病治疗以及农业生产等方面的应用潜力,展望了益生菌资源研究与应用的发展趋势,以期为研究新老益生菌功能的开发与应用提供参考。

Current application status and development prospect of probiotics

A carefully curated group of microbial strains known as probiotics are "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host". The well-known microbe with prebiotic properties include traditional probiotics:lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces, etc., and the next generation probiotics:Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella copri, etc.. Probiotics and the health of humans are closely related. To regulate the host''s health, these bacteria can either trigger the gastrointestinal response through the stomach or can directly affect other organs like the mouth, vagina, and skin. As a result, they are often utilized in food production, agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine. They are also effective instruments for enhancing host health. In order to provide references for the research on the development and application of probiotics resources, this paper reviewed the development and application of traditional probiotics like lactic acid bacteria and the next-generation of probiotics like Akkermansia muciniphila. It also summarized the potential of these probiotics in food production, disease treatment, and agricultural production, and prospected the development trend of probiotics resource research and application, in order to provide reference for the research on the development and application of new and old probiotics.