分娩方式对北京地区持续母乳喂养的34周龄婴儿肠道菌群影响

目的] 比较持续母乳喂养条件下不同分娩方式的34周龄婴儿肠道菌群差异，探讨分娩方式对较大婴儿肠道菌群发育的影响。方法] 在北京地区招募健康足月分娩母乳喂养婴儿，在34周仍然参与随访的持续母乳喂养婴儿共21例，其中剖宫产婴儿16例、阴道分娩婴儿5例，进行肠道菌群的16S rRNA检测。结果] 两组共21个粪便样本中，共注释到6个门，分别为：疣微菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门；两组共21个样本中共有57个OTU注释到属水平，其中，26个属水平OTU被注释到厚壁菌门，18个属水平OTU被注释到变形菌门，6个属水平OTU被注释到放线菌门，5个属水平OTU被注释到拟杆菌门，梭杆菌门、疣微菌门各有1个属水平OTU被注释。其中变形菌门在阴道分娩组（44.17%）肠道菌群中的含量高于剖宫产组（16.10%）；而放线菌门在阴道分娩婴儿（0.00%）肠道菌群中的含量低于剖宫产婴儿（0.09%）。阴道分娩组与剖宫产组相比，共有7个菌属的丰度发生了显著降低（P<0.05），分别为副杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、嗜血杆菌属、乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、双歧杆菌属及一注释到科水平的毛螺旋菌科OTU。结论] 分娩方式对持续母乳喂养的婴儿肠道菌群结构存在影响，且这种影响在出生后34周仍然存在。

The impact of delivery mode on the gut microbiota of 34-week-old infants continuously breastfed in Beijing

Objective] To compare the differences in gut microbiota in 34-week-old infants under continuous breastfeeding with different delivery modes, and to explore the impact of delivery modes on the development of infant gut microbiota.Methods] Healthy full-term breast-fed infants were recruited and 21 infants were still participating in follow-up at 34 weeks, including 16 infants delivered by cesarean and 5 vaginal delivered infants. The 16S rRNA of the gut microbiota was detected. Results] The two groups of 21 samples contained 6 phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia; 57 genera were found. Among them, there are 26 genera in Firmicutes, 18 genera in Proteobacteria, 6 genera in Actinomycota, 5 genera in Bacteroides, 1 genera in Fusobacteria and 1 genera Verrucomicrobia. Among them, the content of Proteobacteria in the gut microbiota of the vaginal delivery group (44.17%) was higher than that in the cesarean section (16.10%); and the content of Actinomycetes in the gut microbiota of vaginal delivery infants (0.00%) was lower than cesarean delivery babies (0.09%). At the genus level, compared with the cesarean section group, the abundance of a total of 7 microorganisms in the vaginal delivery group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), namely Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Enterococcus, Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium and an OTU of Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion] The mode of delivery has an impact on gut microbiota of infants continued breastfeeding, and this impact still exists at 34 weeks after birth.