纤维单胞菌属放线菌的研究进展

纤维单胞菌属(Cellulomonas)的一些菌株能够产生多种纤维素酶,在纤维素降解方面显示出明显优势。1923年Bergey等以产黄纤维单胞菌为模式菌建立了纤维单胞菌属。1991年Stackebrand和Prauser又以纤维单胞菌属为模式属建立了纤维单胞菌科(Cellulomonadaceae)。目前,纤维单胞菌属包含有从多种环境中分离培养得到的26个有效描述种。纤维单胞菌属菌株在分类学上的典型特征是:细胞壁的肽聚糖成分主要含有Orn和Glu/Asp,以MK-9(H4)为主要的甲基萘醌,主要的脂肪酸成分为anteiso-C15:0和C16:0,极性脂成分主要包括双磷脂酰甘油(DPG)和磷脂酰肌醇甘露糖甙(PIM)。基因组DNA的G+C含量为(68.5–76.0)mol%。最近,本实验室分离到2株纤维单胞菌,应用多相分类研究手段确定了他们的分类学地位。本文将结合我们的研究,对纤维单胞菌属的建立、分类学特征及其在生态和酶资源应用方面进行综述。

Research progress on the genus Cellulomonas

The members of the genus Cellulomonas exhibit distinct advantages in degradation of cellulose owing to their producing varieties of cellulases. In 1923, Bergey established the genus Cellulomonas with Cellulomonas flavigena as the type species. Later, the family Cellulomonadaceae was proposed by Stackebrand and Prauser with Cellulomonas as the type genus in 1991. Up to date, there are 26 validly described species in this genus, which were isolated from different environments. The typical taxonomic characteristics of the genus Celluomonas included:possessing Orn and Glu/Asp as the peptidoglycan components in the cell wall; MK-9(H₄) as the predominant methylquinone; anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0 as the main fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as the main polar lipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA is 68.5-76.0 mol%. Recently, the taxonomic status of two newly isolated strains of the genus Celluomonas was determined by the means of polyphasic taxonomy in our laboratory. In this review, we summarized the establishment and taxonomic characteristics of the genus of Celluomonas. As well, the application prospects of the Celluomonas spp. in environmental protection and enzyme resources were reviewed.