宿主遗传因素对肠道菌群的影响

随着高通量测序技术的发展,人们逐渐认识到肠道菌群与人类的健康和疾病密切相关,并发现肠道菌群受很多因素的影响。除了研究传统饮食和药物对肠道菌群的改变外,近年来,科学家也开始注重遗传因素在塑造肠道菌群中的作用。遗传因素可决定宿主的饮食偏好、肠道的生理结构、肠道屏障功能和免疫功能等,而这些都直接与肠道菌群相互作用,参与肠道微生态平衡的构建和稳定。因此,在研究肠道菌群与疾病发生相关性的过程中也需要考虑遗传因素的重要性。随着基因敲除、无菌小鼠和菌群移植等实验技术的革新,以及主成分分析、数量性状基因座和全基因组关联性分析等大数据分析手段的提高,科学家能够深入研究宿主遗传基因与肠道菌群之间的关联性,从而证明宿主遗传基因在塑造肠道微生态的过程中具有重要作用。本文将首先简述肠道菌群与疾病发生之间可能存在的联系,然后从多方面综述遗传因素对肠道菌群的影响及主要的研究进展,从而为今后该领域的深入研究提供重要的指导,也为今后预防和治疗疾病提供新思路和新方法。

Effect of host genetic factors on gut microbiota

Abstract: With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, researches have gradually realized that gut microbiota is closely related to human health and diseases. They also have found that gut microbiota is affected by many factors. In addition to the effects of traditional diet and drugs on gut microbiota, in recent years scientists have begun to focus on the role of genetic factors in shaping gut microbiota. Genetic factors can determine the dietary preferences of the host, the physiological structure of the intestine, gut barrier function and immune function. These factors interact directly with the gut microbiota and participate in the establishment and stabilization of the microecological balance in gut. Therefore, genetic factors also need to be considered in the study on the relationship between gut microbiota and disease occurrence. With the advancement of experimental techniques such as gene knock-outs, germ-free mice, microbial colony transplantation, and with the development of big data analysis including principal component analysis, quantitative trait loci, and genome-wide association analysis, scientists can conduct in-depth studies on the association of host genetics with gut microbiota, thus demonstrating that host genetics play an important role in shaping gut microbiota. This article briefly described the possible links between gut microbiota and disease occurrence, then reviewed the effects of genetic factors on gut microbiota and major advances in the research in many aspects to provide important guidance for further research in this area, as well as new ideas and methods for future research on the prevention and treatment of diseases.