抗结核分枝杆菌疫苗的研究进展

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的传染病,细胞免疫中的CD_4^+T细胞、CD_8^+T细胞、Th17细胞在对抗结核分枝杆菌感染中发挥重要作用,新近研究显示抗体特定的糖链修饰有助于清除病原体,提示体液免疫也可能参与免疫保护。目前使用的疫苗——卡介苗对婴幼儿重症结核病具有良好的保护力,但是对成人肺结核保护力欠佳,所以需要研发新的疫苗。目前已有数个新型疫苗进入临床试验。本文就结核分枝杆菌的免疫保护机制作一简要介绍,主要阐述现用疫苗——卡介苗及新型疫苗的研究现状,让读者对上述知识的进展有所了解。

Progress in research on vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and Th17 cells play the most important roles in the immune responses against M. tuberculosis. Besides, specific glycosylated IgG in the humoral immunity contributes to the eradication of pathogens. The current vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), protects infants efficiently against severe forms of tuberculosis, but does not prevent adult pulmonary tuberculosis satisfactorily. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new vaccines. At present, several candidates are being studied in clinical trials. In this review, the immune mechanisms, as well as the knowledge of BCG, are clarified, and the development of new vaccines is summarized.