高效钾长石分解菌株的筛选、鉴定及解钾活性研究

目的 筛选高效的钾长石分解细菌,并进行初步鉴定和解钾活性测定.方法 采集湖南省桂东县钾长石开采区土壤,利用钾长石为唯一钾源的选择性培养基筛选分离解钾细菌,通过摇瓶释钾试验复筛高效解钾菌株；同时,利用ICP-OES测定解钾菌的释钾效率.采用形态特征观察、生理生化特性检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析初步鉴定高效解钾菌株.结果 分离获得11株生长良好的钾长石分解细菌,其中菌株JKC1、JKC2、JKC5和JKC7的解钾能力较强,解钾率分别为11.00％、11.50％、12.70％和11.70％.经初步鉴定JKC1为Bacillus megaterium,JKC2为Bacillus aryabhattai,JKC5为Azotobacter chroococcum,JKC7为Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum.结论 菌株JKC1、JKC2、JKC5和JKC7是高效的钾长石分解菌,可作为微生物浸矿(钾长石)机制研究的候选菌株.

Isolation and identification of potash feldspar-solubilizing bacteria and their potassium-releasing activities

Objective To screen highly-active potash feldspar-solubilizing bacteria,identify the isolates preliminarily and determine their potassium-releasing activities.Methods The soil samples were collected from the potassium mine region of Guidong County,Hunan Province.Potash feldspar-solubilizing bacteria were isolated by enrichment culture using potash feldspar as a sole potassium resource,and efficiently potassium-solubilizing bacteria were screened by potassium-releasing experiments.Meanwhile,potassium-releasing rate of potash feldspar-solubilizing bacteria was determined by ICP-OES.The isolates were identified by bacterial morphology,physiology and biochemical characteristics,and phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.Results 11 strains of potash feldspar-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the soil samples,4 of which(JKC1,JKC2,JKC5 and JKC7) had high ability of releasing potassium,and the rates were 11.00%,11.50%,12.70% and 11.70% respectively.JKC1,JKC2,JKC5 and JKC7 were identified as Bacillus megaterium,Bacillus aryabhattai,Azotobacter chroococcum and Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum.Conclusion JKC1,JKC2,JKC5 and JKC7 are high-efficient potash feldspar-solubizing bacteria,and could be used as candidate stains to investigate the microbial bleaching mechanism of potash feldspar.