食用菌对黄曲霉毒素B_1的脱毒作用研究

目的研究平菇、金针菇、黑木耳等七种食用菌对黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的脱毒效果。方法首先通过降解圈直径与菌落直径之比(Da/Dm)筛选出具有脱毒作用的株菌;然后通过AFB_1残留量筛选出脱毒能力最强的菌株;最后将该菌株接种于含AFB_1的玉米粉和大米中,考查其对粮食中AFB_1的脱毒效果。结果初筛发现平菇、黑木耳、金针菇对AFB_1有较强脱毒作用,其Da/Dm分别为1.6±0.02、1.5±0.01、1.4±0.02;复筛发现黑木耳的脱毒能力最强,与AFB_1共培养10 d后能清除88.16%的AFB_1;进一步发现黑木耳对玉米粉和大米中AFB_1有一定去除作用,清除率分别为62.40%和15.73%。结论黑木耳对受AFB_1污染的粮食作物有较好的脱毒作用,可用其控制食品与饲料中的AFB_1。

Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by edible fungi

Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the effects of seven edible fungiincludingPleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricular andFlammulina velutiper for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). MethodsThe strains with the ability to detoxicate AFB1 were screened based on the ratio of degradation circle and colony diameter (Da/Dm); thenthe strain with the highest detoxification ability was screened by HPLC. Finally, the screened strain was inoculated in rice and maize contaminated by AFB1to evaluate its detoxification ability. ResultsPreliminary screening revealed that Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricular andFlammulina velutiper had stronger detoxicating ability, withthe Da/Dm values being 1.6±0.02, 1.5±0.01 and 1.4±0.02, respectively. Auricularia auricula had the highest capacity to detoxicate AFB1, and 88.16%of toxin was removed after ten days. In addition, Auricularia auricula had better toxic-reducing effect on AFB1 in corn powder and rice, with the detoxificationrate of 62.4% and 15.73%, respectively. Conclusion Auricularia auricula has good detoxificating effect on the AFB1 in contaminated grain and can be applied in food industry to control mycotoxin contamination.