Winter in the Ouchitas—A severe winter storm signature in Pinus echinata in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas,USA |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States;2. Kiamichi Forestry Research Station, Oklahoma State University, Idabel, OK 74745, United States;3. Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States;4. Southern Research Station, USDA—Forest Service, Hot Springs, AR 72701, United States;1. Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Praha 2, Czech Republic;3. Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;1. UGCT–Woodlab-UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium;2. UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University Ghent Centre for X-ray Tomography, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Ghent, Belgium;3. Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaas 2, Brussels, Belgium;1. School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;2. School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 241 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;3. School of Economics, University of Maine, 207 Winslow Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;4. School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 229 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;1. University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK;2. Oxford Dendrochronology Laboratory, Oxford, UK;3. School of the Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Forest Growth, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;2. Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;1. Hydrometeorological Research Centre of Russia, Bolshoy Predtechensky Lane 9/11, 123242 Moscow, Russia;2. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimowskii Prospect 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia;3. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Dendro Sciences Unit, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;4. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;5. Global Change Research Centre AS CR, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic;6. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 260 Donggang West Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | Each year severe winter storms (≈ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master’s thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen’s Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as “severe” produced glaze icing. |
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| Keywords: | Ice storm Snow Storm Severe winter storm Drought Ouachita Mountains |
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