Primary and secondary growth phenology of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake at different time scales |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-750 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil;2. Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Escola de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) – Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Cx. Postal 9 CEP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil;1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa;1. Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop, MT, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil;3. Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil;4. Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil;5. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT, Brazil;6. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil;1. Embrapa Eastern Amazon, P.O. Box 48, 66095-100 Belém, PA, Brazil;2. The Arboris Group, 68633-970 Dom Eliseu, PA, Brazil;3. Embrapa Amapá, P.O. Box 10, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil;1. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru;2. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina;3. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States;4. CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain;5. ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain;6. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;7. Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Chile;8. Missouri Botanical Garden, Prolong. Bolognesi Mz.E Lote 6, Pasco, Oxapampa, Peru;1. Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l''environnement (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, UVSQ, Orme de Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;2. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza, Argentina;3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina;4. Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9 W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;5. CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall.s), Barcelona, Spain;6. ICREA, Pg. Llu.s Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Schizolobium parahyba is a tropical species that has expanded its distribution. However, little is known about its ecological performance beyond the tropics. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe for this species, south of its original distribution, intra-annual variations in primary growth phenology (leaf flushing, leaf shedding, flowering and fruiting) and secondary growth (radial increase of the trunk), as well as secondary growth on an interannual scale (radial xylem increase) and to analyze the influences of climatic conditions on the evidenced phenological patterns. For this purpose, on an intra-annual scale, ten individuals had their phenophases observed fortnightly for 23 months and were described and correlated to climatic variables of photoperiod, temperature and precipitation. Inter-annual activity samples were obtained from the growth rings of 16 individuals, which were evaluated according to dendrochronological protocols and correlated to climatic variables of temperature and precipitation. South of its original distribution, S. parahyba trees presented seasonal growth rates in all observed scales and associations with variations in phenological rhythms and climatic conditions. Differences were found in the climatic response of the species in comparison to studies already performed in the tropics. In this study, on an intra-annual scale, this association is manifested by relationships with photoperiod, being positive for leaf flushing and fruiting and negative for leaf shedding. In the secondary growth, the intra-annual scale positive relationship was found with temperature, but on an inter-annual scale a positive influence of winter rainfall was found. The consistence of those patterns in broader spatial scales deserves further investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Phenophases Dendrochronology Dendroclimatology Climate-growth relationship |
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