Tree growth-climate relationship in the Azorean holly in a temperate humid forest with low thermal amplitude |
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| Institution: | 1. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal;2. Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;3. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;4. Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Germany;5. Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia;6. Avans University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences for Sustainable Energy and Technology, Postbus 90.116, 4800 RA Breda, the Netherlands;7. cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China;3. Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK;1. Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Faculty of Environment, Department of Environment, Pasteurova 15, 400 96 Ústí n. Labem, Czech Republic;2. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic;3. Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dukelská 135, T?eboň 379 01, Czech Republic;1. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Jena, Jena, Germany;2. Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Tharandt, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;4. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China;1. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3. Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, 322 Percival Hall, PO Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States |
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| Abstract: | Dendroclimatic records in areas with high relative humidity and low thermal amplitude are manifestly scarcer and only a few studies are applied to species that are present in areas with weak seasonality. The Azores archipelago with temperate climate, with low thermal amplitude, has unique biodiversity, including the Azorean holly, Ilex azorica Gand., that is dominant in most extant natural forests. Hence, the importance of understanding its behavior and relation with climate. In this study, we try to understand tree-ring patterns of this species and examine the relationship between radial tree growth and main climatic drivers. For this purpose, we sampled four populations from São Miguel Island and two from Terceira Island. We found a diffuse-ring porous wood with a common layer of vessels associated to the ring boundary, which was critical to identify annual tree-rings. Generalized linear models were used to relate different variations of temperature and precipitation parameters, resulting into a diverse climate-growth relationships of different populations, while the composite population exhibited pronounced effect of temperature. We conclude that, I. azorica forms reliable annual tree-rings, which can be statistically related to climate, mostly temperature. However, there are differences among specific sites, thus the climate sensitivity depends on other site characteristics, such as soil and slope, but probable also to other ecological drivers, such as the competition, water drainage, among others. |
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| Keywords: | Azores Aquifoliaceae Dendroclimatology GLMs Humid forest |
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