MORTALITY OF RINGED YELLOW-BILLED DUCK

Davenport, L.B.Jr. &; Urban, E.K. 2000. Time budgets for Captive Wattled Cranes Bugeranus carunculatus. Ostrich 71 (1 &; 2):136-138.

Time budgets for six pairs of captive Wattled Cranes were recorded in the years 1989–1991 at St. Catherine's Island, Georgia, U.S.A., using instantaneous sampling at 30 s intervals. Data were obtained to cover one complete day, from earliest light to obscuring dusk, for each month of the year. When not nesting, these cranes spent slightly more than half of their time standing, preening, and/or walking, and most of the rest of their time eating, searching, or sleeping. When nesting, both sexes engaged equally in nest building, egg turning, and arranging nest material with the female devoting 45% of her time to incubating, the male about 40%. Males spent about 13% and females 8% of their time during the nesting period confronting neighboring cranes or other large species such as Great Blue Herons. It is concluded that instantaneous sampling at 30 s intervals with one person watching and another recording one or two individual cranes is a reasonably satisfactory method for recording time budgets in captive and probably wild populations of Wattled Cranes.