Efficient synthesis of trisaccharide saponins and their tumor cell killing effects through oncotic necrosis |
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Authors: | Gao Jian Li Xia Gu Guofeng Sun Bin Cui Min Ji Mei Lou Hong-Xiang |
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Institution: | a Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China b School of Oceanology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China c National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China |
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Abstract: | To investigate the relationship of cytotoxicity and saponins with varied aglycones, based on the structure of indioside E 1, a natural derived anti-tumor active ingredient from Chinese medicinal plant Solanum indicum L., five novel saponins 2-6 bearing the same trisaccharide moiety together with 1 were efficiently synthesized via a transglycosylation strategy. MTT assay revealed the killing effects to tumor cells of the synthesized saponins are varied with the change of aglycones. Furthermore, time-lapse microscopy, LDH release, PI staining, and immunocytochemical investigations demonstrated that the cell death caused by neosaponin 2 was through oncotic necrosis involving plasma membrane perturbation and destruction of cytoskeleton. |
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Keywords: | Saponin Indioside E Trisaccharide analogues Cytotoxicity Oncosis |
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