生态位模型的理论基础、发展方向与挑战

生态位模型是一个以生态位理论为基础的新兴研究领域.它通过采集研究对象的已知分布点及其相关的环境数据组成训练样本,利用数理统计或机器学习理论分析数据,构建特征函数表示物种在生态位空间的实际生态位.以生态位模型预测物种潜在分布地或计算物种间的生态位重叠等研究,在生态学、生物地理学和进化生物学研究中显得越来越重要.本文从生态位概念出发,详细解析了生态位模型的理论基础、相关的焦点争论、使用时的注意点以及可能的发展方向与面临的挑战,指出模型中要考虑人类活动对物种生态位的影响.希望本文所探讨的本领域最新的争论焦点能引起相关学者的关注与深入思考.

Theoretical Basis,Future Directions,and Challenges for Ecological Niche Models

Based on ecological niche theory, ecological niche models （ENMs） apply statistical and machine learning theories toanalyze occurrence data and to build character functions that estimate the possible shape of the realized niche of thespecies within the niche space. In the last two decades, the use of ENMs to predict the potential distribution ofspecies or to quantify niche similarity has become increasingly important in the fields of ecology, biogeography andevolutionary biology. Proceeding from the concept of the ecological niche, this article discusses the theoretical basisof ENMs in detail, and outlines the debate on the implementation and interpretation of ENMs currently. Additionally,we address important issues that need attention when ecologists work with ENMs, and identify relevant issues,challenges and future research directions in this field. Particularly, we recommend that anthropogenic influences onthe ecological niche of species should be considered in the future. Finally, we hope the viewpoints and debatesinvolved in this paper can resonate among the ecologists.