茎瘤芥(榨菜)瘤茎形状的遗传研究

利用瘤茎形状有较大差异的4个茎瘤芥(Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee)自交系作为亲本配置了2个杂交组合,并以瘤茎形状指数作为度量指标,应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对其衍生后代家系群体P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2瘤茎形状进行了多世代联合遗传分析。杂交组合y203×b145的瘤茎形状受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制,其遗传率在B1、B2和F2群体中分别为59.89%、26.18%和54.14%;而瘤茎形状在杂交组合y92×b146中受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,在B1、B2和F2家系群体中,其主基因遗传率分别为22.44%、58.06%和63.14%,多基因遗传率分别为40.42%、4.36%和1.26%。这些结果表明,对瘤茎形状改良时要以主基因利用为主,且宜在中高世代选择。

Study on the Inheritance of Tumorous Stem Shape in Tumorous Stem Mustard

Two hybridized combinations between four self-lines of parents （Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee） with different tumorous stem shape were studied to determine inheritance of tumorous stem shape in their progeny family groups P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2 by joint segregation of major genes plus polygenes. Tumorous stem shape in the cross of y203 x b145 was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects. Heritability values of the major gene in B1, B2 and F2 populations were estimated as 59.89%, 26.18% and 54. 14%, respectively. Tumorous stem shape in the cross of y92 x b146 was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive-dominant effects. Heritability values of the major gene in B1, B2 and F2 populations were estimated as 22.44%, 58.06% and 63. 14%, while those of polygenes were 40.42%, 4. 36% and 1.26%, respectively. These results showed that major gene effects were important and should be utilized in breeding programs. The improvement of tumorous stem shape trait should be selected in middle and high generations.