海南中部山区什运乡人工生态系统的植物多样性

什运乡地处海南中部山区,其人口大多为黎族。为揭示人工生态系统中的植物多样性与人类活动的关系,并为海南中部山区的土地可持续利用研究提供依据,以位于海南中部山区的什运乡为调查点,采用参与性生物多样性评估方法,调查了5个村庄和2个橡胶林的植物多样性。结果表明,什运乡的人工生态系统由农田生态系统、庭院生态系统、园地生态系统和林地生态系统组成。共记录到维管束植物318种,隶属95科243属。重点保护植物10种;栽培植物87种,其中有17种栽培植物有较多品种。药用类植物所占的比例最大。研究表明,人工生态系统中的植物多样性与其面积无明显关联,而与人类对其需求的多样化程度有关。需求多样化的庭院生态系统的植物多样性最丰富。采用生物多样性参与性管理下的原位保存法,重视对庭院生态系统植物多样性的保护、并提高现有园地生态系统的土地利用效率将会是保护什运乡植物多样性的有效方法。

Plant Diversity of the Artificial Ecosystem in Zhayun Township,Qiongzhong, Hainan

The predominant population of Zhayun Township,which is located in the interior mountains of Hainan,is the Li ethnic minority.To show how human activities affect plant diversity,and to provide the basis for research on sustainable land use in the central mountains of Hainan,we investigated five villages and two rubber plantations with participatory biodiversity appraisal（PBA）.Results showed there were four ecosystems,including farmland,home garden,garden,and forestland ecosystems.A total of 318 species were recorded,belonging to 243 genera and 95 families and including one first class national protected species,three second class national protected species,and six provincial protected species.A total of 87 cultivated species were recorded,including 17 multi-variety plants.Officinal plants accounted for the largest proportion.According to our study,while plant diversity showed no significant correlation with area it did show correlation with human demand diversification.Additionally,the home garden ecosystem had the highest plant diversity.Using in situ conservation under PAPDM,focusing on plant diversity and land-use efficiency of the home garden ecosystem would be the effective way to protect the plant species of Zhayun Township.