云南几种野生茶生态环境与引种试验的初步研究

调查了产于滇东南的3种野生茶（秃房茶Camellia gymnogyna Chang、厚轴茶C.crassicolumna Chang 和普洱茶C.sinensis var.assamica Kitamura)的生态 环境，其中普洱茶属国家二级保护植物，它们均分布于海拔100～2540 m的常绿阔叶林或山地苔藓林中。在5年时间里，先后采集上述3种野生茶的插条、小 苗和种子，进行了引种繁殖试验。结果表明野生茶在昆明地区的引种驯化已取得初步成功 ；扦插和小苗移栽的时间以6～8月份为宜；扦插成功的关键是插条须“现采现插”，扦插成 活率最高可达88%；种子具有休眠期，用700×10

Ecological Environment and Introduction Experiments of Three Wild Tea Species from Yunnan

The natural ecological environment of 3 species or varieties of wild tea from Southeastern Yunnan,Camellia gymnogyna Chang,C.crassicolumna Chang and C.sinensis va r.assamica Kitamura,has been investigated based on a five-year field work and intensive observation.They distribute in the evergreen broad-lea ved forests with an altitude of 100～2　540 meters above sea l evel.Camellia gymnogyna and C.crassicolumna may grow together in mountain cloud forests as high as 2　540 meters above sea level.Among these wild tea species,C.sinensis var.assamica is listed in the Red Data Book for Rare and Endangered Plant Species of China.The introduction and propagation experimen ts of cuttings,seedlings and seeds of 3 species of wild tea have been carrie d out in the Kunming Botanical Garden since 1995.The major results of introducti on practices are as follows:(1) Based on the experiments in July 1998,it is co nfirmed that the introduction and domestication of 3 wild tea species are su ccessful in their first stage of introduction.(2) The best time for cultivatio n of cuttings and seedlings of wild tea is from June to August.(3) The key point to ensure cutting success is to insert cuttings into appropriate medium or soil as soon as the cuttings are collected from mother trees in the fields.(4) Seeds of wild tea have a rest period.It can be interrupted by a treatment of 700×10 -6 GA3.(5) Rapid propagation of wild tea can be brought about through th e approach of tissue culture.The suitable culture medium for wild tea is f ormula-ted as MS+1.5BA+0.15NAA.The succession of introduction will be usefu l for future development and protection of wild tea species.