湖北后河国家级自然保护区生物多样性及其保护对策Ⅰ.生物多样性现状及其研究*

湖北后河国家级自然保护区位于湖北、湖南交界处的五峰县境内，属武陵山东段余脉山地，为我国地势的第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡地带，是我国三大物种特有中心之一的川东-鄂西特有中心和第三纪古植物的孑遗中心的重要组成成分之一。该区拥有丰富的生物多样性，尤以第三纪孑遗珍稀濒危植物集中分布群落为典型特征。该区地貌复杂，海拔落差大，微生境复杂多变，拥有从低山河谷常绿阔叶林到亚高山灌丛或草甸等多种生态系统和多种植被类型。目前已知该区有陆生脊椎动物25目74科306种，占湖北省总种数的63．5％和全国总种数的13．0％，其中有51种国家重点保护野生动物和70种湖北省级重点保护动物；已知该区维管植物有194科819属2088种，占湖北省总种数的34．4％和全国总数的7．5％，属国家特有、珍稀濒危或重点保护的植物约有70余种；已知藓类植物33科90属192种和叶附生苔类植物3科7属7种，分别占全国总种数的9．8％和4．2％。该区不仅拥有丰富的动植物区系成分多样性，而且具有高度的群落物种多样性和经济类型多样性。尽管该区的生物多样性研究得到长足发展，但主要集中在物种种类的调查与区系成分研究和少数群落格局物种多样性研究，而遗传多样性方面的研究十分欠缺。物种多样性研究也不平衡，昆虫类和苔藓植物的调查刚起步，真菌资源、淡水鱼类等尚未开展研究。

Situation and Strategy of Biodiversity Conservation in the Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, ChinaⅠ.Situation and Study of Biodiversity

The Houhe National Nature Reserve(HNNR) is located in the south of Wufeng(Tu-)(jiazu) Minority Autonomous County of Hubei Province,and this area is in the extension of eastern part of Wuling Mountains and adjacent to Hunan Province,which locates in the transitional region from the second terrace to the third terrace of China topography.The HNNR is a part of the center of endemic species and the Tertiary relic plant species,distributing from the east of Sichuan Province to the west of Hubei Province and northwest of Hunan Province,which is one of three biodiversity centers in China.Biodiversities in the HNNR are very high,and the communities of concentrated distribution of Tertiary relic plants are the main feature of the reserve. With the complicated physiognomy,various elevation and microhabitats,the HNNR possesses different(ecological) systems and special plant communities,including from evergreen broadleaf forest in river valley and lowland to shrub or meadow in subalpine regions. 307 wild animal species of 74 families in 25 orders were founded in the HNNR,which is 63.5% of the total in Hubei Province and 13.0% in China.of them,51 species are nationally protected animal and other 70 species are provincially protected animals in Hubei.There are 2088 vascular plant species belonging to 819 genera of 194 families,which are 34.4% of total in Hubei Province and 7.5% in China,and about 70 species of the vascular plants are endemic,rare,endangered or main protected plants in China.192 mosses species of 71 genera in 33 family and 7 epiphyllous liverwort species of 7(ge-)(nera) in 3 families were also found in the HNNR,which comprise 9.8% and 4.2% of total in relevant category in China,respectively.The species diversity is not only exhibited the complexity of flora in the HNNR,but also showed richness of species in communities and various types of animals and plants with economic value. The studies on biodiversity in this region have achieved(sa-)(tisfied) advances in recent years,but most of them are focused on species survey or flora research,some on the species diversity in communities,and only few on genetic diversity within species.In addition,study of species diversity is imbalanced among different category of living organisms,insects and bryophytes are just being started,while freshwater fish and fungi are not investigated in the HNNR.