中国水柏枝属植物的地理分布、濒危状况及其保育策略

水柏枝属(MyricariaDesv.)植物主要分布于中国青藏高原及其邻近地区,为欧亚温带高山植物类群,多为河岸带植物,是分布区湿地生态系统和荒漠生态系统的重要组分。为评价这些特殊生态系统关键植物的分布及受威胁现状,对中国水柏枝属植物的地理分布和濒危状况进行了调查。调查发现,该属中国分布的11个分类群均受到生存胁迫,其中疏花水柏枝即将成为野外灭绝种,宽叶水柏枝已属极危种,心叶水柏枝为濒危种,秀丽水柏枝、泽当水柏枝、小花水柏枝、卧生水柏枝和匍匐水柏枝为渐危种,具鳞水柏枝、三春水柏枝和宽苞水柏枝为受胁种。结果表明,以水利建设为主的人为干扰和土地沙化、气温升高带来的环境改变是导致该属植物生存胁迫的主要原因。最后探讨了水柏枝属这类河岸带湿地和荒漠生境植物的保育策略。

Geographic Distribution and Current Status and Conservation Strategy of the Genus Myricaria in China

The genus Myricaria Desv.distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions,a typical alpine plant genus in the Eurasian temperate zone.Most species in the genus are keystone riparian plants in wetland ecosystem and desert ecosystem.In order to evaluate current status of these valuable plants,we conducted an extensive survey across entire geographical distribution and threatened status of 10 species and one variety endemic to China.The results showed that all species surveyed are found being threatened or endangered,i.e.Myricaria laxiflora will be soon extinct in the wild and M.platyphylla is becoming critically endangered and M.pulcherrima endangered,while other species M.elegans var.elegans,M.elegans var.tsetangensis,M.wardii,M.prostrata and M.rosea are becoming vulnerable due to fragmented habitats and increasing anthropogenic activities.M.paniculata,M.squamosa,M.bracteata are also more or less threatened despite their broad geographical distribution.Our full-range of field survey provided(updated) and useful baseline information of the biogeography of the genus.The results also highlighted the negative impacts of irrigation works,desertification and global temperature changes on habitat ecosystem and conservation strategy is discussed.