脱水素研究进展

脱水素(dehydrin)是植物体内的一种LEA蛋白，能够在植物胚胎发育后期以及逆境下大量表达，广泛存在于植物界。它是具有高度热稳定性的亲水性蛋白，有三类非常保守的区域，即K，Y和S片段。依据这三类片段的组成情况，可将脱水素分为5个基本类别。脱水素可通过多种转运方式定位于植物细胞的不同部位，以行使其功能。其基因的表达存在依赖ABA和不依赖ABA两种途径，并且受到多种环境因素的影响，能稳定细胞膜和许多大分子的结构以避免脱水对细胞造成的伤害。近年来，脱水素的结构和组成、在细胞中的定位及转运、基因的表达与调控、功能与作用机理等方面的研究已取得了很大的进展。

Progress in Research of Dehydrins

Dehydrins, which is known as a group of plant late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, usually accumulate in plant during late embryogenesis or under stresses which cause dehydration. They are hydrophilic proteins with high thermostability, characterized by three highly conserved domains, the K, Y, and S segments. According to the composition of the three conserved domains, there are five distinct types of dehydrins. Dehydrins can be translocated and present in different parts of plant cells. Their localization is related to the functions. Regulation of dehydrin gene expression occurs via ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways and is influenced by several environmental factors. They participate in the stabilization of cell membranes and many macromolecules against dehydration-induced injure. Researches in the structure, (loca-)(lization), transport, gene expression and regulation, as well as functions and mechanism of dehydrins have been made very great progress.