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柑桔类的细胞分类学研究 Ⅰ.柑桔属30个分类群的核型及进化
引用本文:梁国鲁.柑桔类的细胞分类学研究 Ⅰ.柑桔属30个分类群的核型及进化[J].武汉植物学研究,1990,8(1):1-7.
作者姓名:梁国鲁
作者单位:西南农业大学园艺系果树研究室 重庆
摘    要:作者研究了柑桔属30个分类群的核型及进化。结果表明:染色体数目为2n=2x=18,属小染色体植物,核型由中部着丝粒染色体(m)和近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)组成,具2—4个连接于短臂上的随体,一些分类群的部分同源染色体上存在长度和臂比值不同程度的杂合现象,核型均属2A型。比较随体及与之相连短臂,其随体分为大随体(LS)中随体(MS)和小随体(SS)三类,随体的多样性可作为探讨该属物种的起源、系统演化的一个遗传标志。作者赞同把柚(Citrus grandis)作为柑桔属的一个基本种,而宽皮柑桔(C.reticulata)核型变异较大,还待进一步分析;推测红黎檬(C.limonia)、葡萄柚(C.paradisi)、甜橙(C.sinensis)、酸橙(C.aurantium)、香园(C.wilsonii)、三宝柑(C.sulcata)、部分宽皮柑桔(C.reticulata)为杂种起源。该属核型由不对称向对称进化是与形态及孢粉的进化趋势一致的。

关 键 词:柑桔属  核型  进化

STUDIES ON THE CYTOTAXONOMY OF CITRUS Ⅰ.Karyotype and evolution of 30 taxa of the genera Citrus
Liang Guolu.STUDIES ON THE CYTOTAXONOMY OF CITRUS Ⅰ.Karyotype and evolution of 30 taxa of the genera Citrus[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1990,8(1):1-7.
Authors:Liang Guolu
Institution:Department of Horticulture, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 630716
Abstract:The present paper deals with the karyotypes of 30 taxa of genus Citrus. The results obtained show that the chromosome numbers are 2n=18, belonging to small chromosome. All the karyotype consist of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes with two to four satellite bodies born by the short arm. In addition, the heterozygosity in chromosomal length and arm ratio of some homologous chromosome were found in some taxa. The karyotypes belong to "2A" type of Stebbins's classification. The satellite chromosome of the species studied can be grouped into three types: large satellite (LS)-satellite much larger than short arm supported satellite; medium satellite(MS)-satellite and short arm close; Small satellite(SS)-satellite small, short arm large. Furthmore, the variation in the number and size of satellite can be used as a stable genetic marker in studing Citrus biosystematics. From karyotypical analyses, author support that C. grandis is one of the three basic species, while C. reticulata should be studied in various wild mandarins further, and suggest that C. limonia, C. paradisi, C. sinensis, C. aurantium, C. wilsonii, C. sulcata and in part of C. reticulata have hybrid origin. The evolution of karyotype from asymmetry to symmetry is correlated with the trend of evolution of the morphological characters and pollen morphology.
Keywords:Citrus  Karyotype  Evolution  
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